Spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in Northern and Western Uganda
Aim The surge in different brands of artesunate injection in Uganda, has raised the need for this study, which aimed at quantifying the actual amount of artesunate in different brands of artesunate injections available in Northern and Western Uganda.Materials and Methods The wavelength at maximum ab...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Future Science OA |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20565623.2025.2511444 |
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| author | Ebere Emilia Ayogu Emmanuel Aryon Ngolryeko Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu Ibrahim Garba Wawata Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq |
| author_facet | Ebere Emilia Ayogu Emmanuel Aryon Ngolryeko Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu Ibrahim Garba Wawata Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq |
| author_sort | Ebere Emilia Ayogu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim The surge in different brands of artesunate injection in Uganda, has raised the need for this study, which aimed at quantifying the actual amount of artesunate in different brands of artesunate injections available in Northern and Western Uganda.Materials and Methods The wavelength at maximum absorbance of pure artesunate powder was determined using Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and Beer Lambert’s plot was generated. This was validated and used to assay 27 brands of artesunate.Results In the spectrophotometric assay method used, Beer Lambert’s law was obeyed within the range of 20 µg/ml–140 µg/ml with linear regression equation of y = 0.012 + 0.030 and correlation coefficient of (R2) 0.999 (n = 9). The limits of detection (sensitivity) and quantification were found to be 0.83 mg/ml and 2.09 mg/ml respectively. About 66.6% (18) and 33.3% (9) had actual artesunate content higher and lower than labeled claim respectively, while 40.7% (11) had deviations from labeled claim that were within acceptable limits.Conclusion Most brands of artesunate injection assayed deviated from labeled claim, regional/environmental factor impacted much on the stability of artesunate thus there is need for further screening of the quality of artesunate injection in circulation in view of the therapeutic consequences of substandard artesunate injection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-60ce418e030540a28a2542e4ca71de9c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2056-5623 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Future Science OA |
| spelling | doaj-art-60ce418e030540a28a2542e4ca71de9c2025-08-20T03:21:06ZengTaylor & Francis GroupFuture Science OA2056-56232025-12-0111110.1080/20565623.2025.2511444Spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in Northern and Western UgandaEbere Emilia Ayogu0Emmanuel Aryon Ngolryeko1Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu2Ibrahim Garba Wawata3Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq4Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Bushenyi, UgandaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Bushenyi, UgandaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Bushenyi, UgandaInstitute of Biomedical Research, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Bushenyi, UgandaDepartment of Computer Engineering, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Bushenyi, UgandaAim The surge in different brands of artesunate injection in Uganda, has raised the need for this study, which aimed at quantifying the actual amount of artesunate in different brands of artesunate injections available in Northern and Western Uganda.Materials and Methods The wavelength at maximum absorbance of pure artesunate powder was determined using Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and Beer Lambert’s plot was generated. This was validated and used to assay 27 brands of artesunate.Results In the spectrophotometric assay method used, Beer Lambert’s law was obeyed within the range of 20 µg/ml–140 µg/ml with linear regression equation of y = 0.012 + 0.030 and correlation coefficient of (R2) 0.999 (n = 9). The limits of detection (sensitivity) and quantification were found to be 0.83 mg/ml and 2.09 mg/ml respectively. About 66.6% (18) and 33.3% (9) had actual artesunate content higher and lower than labeled claim respectively, while 40.7% (11) had deviations from labeled claim that were within acceptable limits.Conclusion Most brands of artesunate injection assayed deviated from labeled claim, regional/environmental factor impacted much on the stability of artesunate thus there is need for further screening of the quality of artesunate injection in circulation in view of the therapeutic consequences of substandard artesunate injection.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20565623.2025.2511444Artesunate injectionsevere malaria treatmentspectrophotometric analysisdrug quality assessmentUganda malaria burden |
| spellingShingle | Ebere Emilia Ayogu Emmanuel Aryon Ngolryeko Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu Ibrahim Garba Wawata Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq Spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in Northern and Western Uganda Future Science OA Artesunate injection severe malaria treatment spectrophotometric analysis drug quality assessment Uganda malaria burden |
| title | Spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in Northern and Western Uganda |
| title_full | Spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in Northern and Western Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in Northern and Western Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in Northern and Western Uganda |
| title_short | Spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in Northern and Western Uganda |
| title_sort | spectrophotometric analysis of artesunate injections available in community pharmacies in northern and western uganda |
| topic | Artesunate injection severe malaria treatment spectrophotometric analysis drug quality assessment Uganda malaria burden |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20565623.2025.2511444 |
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