Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) Yields and Damages from Insects

Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) is one of the most important fall vegetables in South Korea. Recently, cabbage yields fluctuated due to climate change, leading to an unstable supply and increased prices. Additionally, raised temperatures led to increased beet armyworm (<i>Sp...

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Main Authors: Dongwoo Kim, Chang-gi Back, Sojung Kim, Sumin Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1264
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author Dongwoo Kim
Chang-gi Back
Sojung Kim
Sumin Kim
author_facet Dongwoo Kim
Chang-gi Back
Sojung Kim
Sumin Kim
author_sort Dongwoo Kim
collection DOAJ
description Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) is one of the most important fall vegetables in South Korea. Recently, cabbage yields fluctuated due to climate change, leading to an unstable supply and increased prices. Additionally, raised temperatures led to increased beet armyworm (<i>Spodoptera exigua</i>) populations, resulting in greater plant damage. In this study, the Agricultural Policy/Environmental Extender (APEX) model was employed to develop the cabbage growth model. To enhance model accuracy, 4 years of field data collected from multiple locations in South Korea were utilized for model validation and calibration. The model goodness of fit tests revealed R<sup>2</sup> values between 0.9485 and 0.9873. Two different cabbage models, representing the physiological characteristics of common varieties cultivated in Korea, were applied to assess growth patterns under two distinct climate change scenarios, SSP245 and SSP585. A larval duration prediction model was formulated using previous field data. Under future climate conditions, simulation results indicate that as temperatures rise, Chinese cabbage yields will likely decrease continually, with increasing plant damage from insects. The modeling results can help farmers to control and manage crop insect pests under varying environmental conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-60cd307eab8243e986113a720bc61a922025-08-20T03:30:25ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-05-01156126410.3390/agronomy15061264Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) Yields and Damages from InsectsDongwoo Kim0Chang-gi Back1Sojung Kim2Sumin Kim3Department of Environmental Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of KoreaIndustrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1 Gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of KoreaChinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) is one of the most important fall vegetables in South Korea. Recently, cabbage yields fluctuated due to climate change, leading to an unstable supply and increased prices. Additionally, raised temperatures led to increased beet armyworm (<i>Spodoptera exigua</i>) populations, resulting in greater plant damage. In this study, the Agricultural Policy/Environmental Extender (APEX) model was employed to develop the cabbage growth model. To enhance model accuracy, 4 years of field data collected from multiple locations in South Korea were utilized for model validation and calibration. The model goodness of fit tests revealed R<sup>2</sup> values between 0.9485 and 0.9873. Two different cabbage models, representing the physiological characteristics of common varieties cultivated in Korea, were applied to assess growth patterns under two distinct climate change scenarios, SSP245 and SSP585. A larval duration prediction model was formulated using previous field data. Under future climate conditions, simulation results indicate that as temperatures rise, Chinese cabbage yields will likely decrease continually, with increasing plant damage from insects. The modeling results can help farmers to control and manage crop insect pests under varying environmental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1264APEXclimate change scenariolarval duration modelcrop productioninsect damagehybrid model
spellingShingle Dongwoo Kim
Chang-gi Back
Sojung Kim
Sumin Kim
Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) Yields and Damages from Insects
Agronomy
APEX
climate change scenario
larval duration model
crop production
insect damage
hybrid model
title Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) Yields and Damages from Insects
title_full Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) Yields and Damages from Insects
title_fullStr Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) Yields and Damages from Insects
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) Yields and Damages from Insects
title_short Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i>) Yields and Damages from Insects
title_sort impacts of climate change on chinese cabbage i brassica rapa i yields and damages from insects
topic APEX
climate change scenario
larval duration model
crop production
insect damage
hybrid model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1264
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