Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Offspring

Background: The heritability of salt-sensitive hypertension and the heightened susceptibility of offspring to maternal perinatal high salt diet (HSD) indicate that hypertension may originate early in life. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. We hypothesized that perina...

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Main Authors: Ahmed Kolade Oloyo, Santan Modokpe Olley, Esther Ngozi Ohihoin, Abdullahi Adeyinka Adejare, Khadijah Bolanle Ismail-Badmus, Esther Udo Asamudo, Olusoga Adekunle Sofola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-08-01
Series:Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468251358906
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author Ahmed Kolade Oloyo
Santan Modokpe Olley
Esther Ngozi Ohihoin
Abdullahi Adeyinka Adejare
Khadijah Bolanle Ismail-Badmus
Esther Udo Asamudo
Olusoga Adekunle Sofola
author_facet Ahmed Kolade Oloyo
Santan Modokpe Olley
Esther Ngozi Ohihoin
Abdullahi Adeyinka Adejare
Khadijah Bolanle Ismail-Badmus
Esther Udo Asamudo
Olusoga Adekunle Sofola
author_sort Ahmed Kolade Oloyo
collection DOAJ
description Background: The heritability of salt-sensitive hypertension and the heightened susceptibility of offspring to maternal perinatal high salt diet (HSD) indicate that hypertension may originate early in life. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. We hypothesized that perinatal exposure of dams to HSD will increase inflammation, impair vascular function and elevate blood pressure (BP) in the adult offspring. Methods: Pregnant rats were fed a normal (0.3%) or high (8%) salt diet during pregnancy and the offspring from each group were weaned at 4 weeks of age and placed on normal salt diet (NSD) for 12 weeks. BP measurement, vascular reactivity studies, and ELISA assay for C-reactive proteins (CRP), Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were carried out. Data were analyzed using student t -test. The significance level was set at P -values ⩽.05. Results: The offspring of dams exposed to perinatal HSD exhibited elevated BP parameters compared to those from dams on NSD. Although the maximum contractile response to noradrenaline was similar in both groups ( P  > .05), the maximum relaxation response to acetylcholine was significantly reduced in offspring of HSD-exposed dams ( P  < .01), indicating impaired endothelial function. Furthermore, perinatal HSD led to increased levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the offspring, indicating heightened systemic and vascular inflammation. Conclusion: Findings from this study show that maternal perinatal HSD increased biomarkers of inflammation, impaired endothelial function and elevated BP in the adult offspring. These findings suggest maternal perinatal consumption of high dietary salt renders the offspring more susceptible to hypertension in adulthood.
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spelling doaj-art-60bd1bea4f0a4c4a953636734e032e382025-08-20T03:07:20ZengSAGE PublishingClinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology1179-54682025-08-011910.1177/11795468251358906Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the OffspringAhmed Kolade Oloyo0Santan Modokpe Olley1Esther Ngozi Ohihoin2Abdullahi Adeyinka Adejare3Khadijah Bolanle Ismail-Badmus4Esther Udo Asamudo5Olusoga Adekunle Sofola6Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, NigeriaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, NigeriaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, NigeriaLifestyle Diseases Research Entity, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng, South AfricaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USADepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, NigeriaBackground: The heritability of salt-sensitive hypertension and the heightened susceptibility of offspring to maternal perinatal high salt diet (HSD) indicate that hypertension may originate early in life. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. We hypothesized that perinatal exposure of dams to HSD will increase inflammation, impair vascular function and elevate blood pressure (BP) in the adult offspring. Methods: Pregnant rats were fed a normal (0.3%) or high (8%) salt diet during pregnancy and the offspring from each group were weaned at 4 weeks of age and placed on normal salt diet (NSD) for 12 weeks. BP measurement, vascular reactivity studies, and ELISA assay for C-reactive proteins (CRP), Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were carried out. Data were analyzed using student t -test. The significance level was set at P -values ⩽.05. Results: The offspring of dams exposed to perinatal HSD exhibited elevated BP parameters compared to those from dams on NSD. Although the maximum contractile response to noradrenaline was similar in both groups ( P  > .05), the maximum relaxation response to acetylcholine was significantly reduced in offspring of HSD-exposed dams ( P  < .01), indicating impaired endothelial function. Furthermore, perinatal HSD led to increased levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the offspring, indicating heightened systemic and vascular inflammation. Conclusion: Findings from this study show that maternal perinatal HSD increased biomarkers of inflammation, impaired endothelial function and elevated BP in the adult offspring. These findings suggest maternal perinatal consumption of high dietary salt renders the offspring more susceptible to hypertension in adulthood.https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468251358906
spellingShingle Ahmed Kolade Oloyo
Santan Modokpe Olley
Esther Ngozi Ohihoin
Abdullahi Adeyinka Adejare
Khadijah Bolanle Ismail-Badmus
Esther Udo Asamudo
Olusoga Adekunle Sofola
Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Offspring
Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology
title Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Offspring
title_full Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Offspring
title_fullStr Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Offspring
title_full_unstemmed Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Offspring
title_short Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Offspring
title_sort perinatal exposure of dams to a high salt diet impaired vascular function and elevated biomarkers of inflammation in the offspring
url https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468251358906
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