Development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China—a mixed methods study
BackgroundNutrition literacy is an important predictor of eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, current methods lack rigorously validated tools to assess nutrient literacy in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate the Nutrition Literacy Scale fo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1569675/full |
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| _version_ | 1850035449612992512 |
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| author | Wenjuan Zhang Yan Wu Yibao Zhang Ziyu Sun Jiaqi Wang Yuhong Wu |
| author_facet | Wenjuan Zhang Yan Wu Yibao Zhang Ziyu Sun Jiaqi Wang Yuhong Wu |
| author_sort | Wenjuan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundNutrition literacy is an important predictor of eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, current methods lack rigorously validated tools to assess nutrient literacy in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate the Nutrition Literacy Scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis study was divided into two phases, including the generation of the items and the validation of the scales. The generation of the items was developed through a literature study, semi-structured interviews, a Delphi expert consultation, and a small-sample pre-survey. Convenience sampling method was used to select a large sample of 576 patients in Hangzhou for item analysis, reliability and validity tests.ResultsThe formal scale covered 4 dimensions with 31 items. The exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 62.725%; the results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good, the content validity of the scale was 0.957. The calibration correlation validity of the newly developed scale with the Adult Nutrition Literacy Measurement Scale was 0.760. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.946, and re-test reliabilitiy was 0.884.ConclusionThe nutrition literacy scale for people with type 2 diabetes has good reliability and validity and is suitable for assessing the level of nutrition literacy in relevant populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-60b094d3b19b41e39fd9bc6757fc5271 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-60b094d3b19b41e39fd9bc6757fc52712025-08-20T02:57:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-05-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15696751569675Development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China—a mixed methods studyWenjuan Zhang0Yan Wu1Yibao Zhang2Ziyu Sun3Jiaqi Wang4Yuhong Wu5School of Public Health and Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Disease Hospital, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaBackgroundNutrition literacy is an important predictor of eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, current methods lack rigorously validated tools to assess nutrient literacy in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate the Nutrition Literacy Scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis study was divided into two phases, including the generation of the items and the validation of the scales. The generation of the items was developed through a literature study, semi-structured interviews, a Delphi expert consultation, and a small-sample pre-survey. Convenience sampling method was used to select a large sample of 576 patients in Hangzhou for item analysis, reliability and validity tests.ResultsThe formal scale covered 4 dimensions with 31 items. The exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 62.725%; the results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good, the content validity of the scale was 0.957. The calibration correlation validity of the newly developed scale with the Adult Nutrition Literacy Measurement Scale was 0.760. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.946, and re-test reliabilitiy was 0.884.ConclusionThe nutrition literacy scale for people with type 2 diabetes has good reliability and validity and is suitable for assessing the level of nutrition literacy in relevant populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1569675/fulldiabetes mellitusliteracynutrition statusscalevalidation |
| spellingShingle | Wenjuan Zhang Yan Wu Yibao Zhang Ziyu Sun Jiaqi Wang Yuhong Wu Development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China—a mixed methods study Frontiers in Public Health diabetes mellitus literacy nutrition status scale validation |
| title | Development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China—a mixed methods study |
| title_full | Development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China—a mixed methods study |
| title_fullStr | Development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China—a mixed methods study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China—a mixed methods study |
| title_short | Development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in China—a mixed methods study |
| title_sort | development and preliminary validation of the nutrition literacy scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus in china a mixed methods study |
| topic | diabetes mellitus literacy nutrition status scale validation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1569675/full |
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