Prognostic nutrition index reveals LAG3 in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and MHC class II in gastric cancer cells

Prognostic nutrition index reveals LAG3 in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and MHC class II in gastric cancer cells

Abstract Background The prognostic nutrition index (PNI) has recently been highlighted as a predictor of immune checkpoint (IC) inhibitor efficacy in gastric cancer (GC). Although LAG3, an IC molecule, has gained considerable attention, its association with PNI remains unexplored. Materials and meth...

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Main Authors: Chikanori Tsutsumi, Kenoki Ohuchida, Masaki Imamura, Bryan Tan, Yuki Shimada, Kiwa Son, Takaaki Kosai, Naoki Katayama, Yuki Mochida, Sayuri Hayashida, Chika Iwamoto, Nobuhiro Torata, Kohei Horioka, Koji Shindo, Yusuke Mizuuchi, Naoki Ikenaga, Kohei Nakata, Yoshinao Oda, Masafumi Nakamura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Subjects:
Gastric cancer
Prognostic nutrition index
LAG3
MHC class II
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04037-9
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Summary:Abstract Background The prognostic nutrition index (PNI) has recently been highlighted as a predictor of immune checkpoint (IC) inhibitor efficacy in gastric cancer (GC). Although LAG3, an IC molecule, has gained considerable attention, its association with PNI remains unexplored. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 796 GC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy to identify which previously reported nutritional index had the greatest impact on prognosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 38 GC tissues, and multiplex immunofluorescence staining was conducted on 59 GC tissues to evaluate the relationship between nutritional indices and IC molecule expression in cytotoxic CD8-positive T cells. Results A low preoperative PNI was identified as the strongest predictor of poor prognosis among the nutritional indices in GC patients. The expression of not only PDCD1 (encoding PD1) but also LAG3 in cytotoxic CD8-positive T cells was significantly higher in GC with low PNI compared to those with high PNI. Among cytotoxic CD8-positive T cells, the proportion of LAG3-positive cells was greater than that of PDCD1-positive cells, particularly in GC with low PNI, and most LAG3-positive cells did not co-express PDCD1. Additionally, the expression of MHC class II, a ligand for LAG3, was higher in GC cells with high levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related molecules in GC with low PNI compared to those with high PNI. Conclusions PNI can reflect LAG3 expression in cytotoxic CD8-positive T cells and MHC class II expression in GC cells.
ISSN:1432-0851

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