Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose.
<h4>Objectives</h4>To determine the duration of protection from hepatitis B vaccine given in infancy and early childhood and asses risk factors for HBV infection and chronic infection.<h4>Methods</h4>In 1984 infant HBV vaccination was started in two Gambian villages. Cross se...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058029&type=printable |
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| author | Maimuna Mendy Ingrid Peterson Safayet Hossin Tom Peto Momodou L Jobarteh Adam Jeng-Barry Mamadi Sidibeh Abdoulie Jatta Sophie E Moore Andrew J Hall Hilton Whittle |
| author_facet | Maimuna Mendy Ingrid Peterson Safayet Hossin Tom Peto Momodou L Jobarteh Adam Jeng-Barry Mamadi Sidibeh Abdoulie Jatta Sophie E Moore Andrew J Hall Hilton Whittle |
| author_sort | Maimuna Mendy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Objectives</h4>To determine the duration of protection from hepatitis B vaccine given in infancy and early childhood and asses risk factors for HBV infection and chronic infection.<h4>Methods</h4>In 1984 infant HBV vaccination was started in two Gambian villages. Cross sectional serological surveys have been undertaken every 4 years to determine vaccine efficacy. In the current survey 84.6% of 1508 eligible participants aged 1-28 years were tested. A spouse study was conducted in females (aged 14 years and above) and their male partners.<h4>Results</h4>Vaccine efficacy against chronic infection with hepatitis B virus was 95.1% (95% confidence interval 91.5% to 97.1%), which did not vary significantly between age groups or village. Efficacy against infection was 85.4% (82.7% to 87.7%), falling significantly with age. Concentrations of hepatitis B antibody fell exponentially with age varying according to peak response: 20 years after vaccination only 17.8% (95% CI 10.1-25.6) of persons with a low peak response (10-99 mIU/ml) had detectable HBs antibody compared to 27% (21.9% to 32.2%) of those with a high peak response (>999 mIU/ml). Time since vaccination and a low peak response were the strongest risk factors for HBV infections; males were more susceptible, marriage was not a significant risk for females. Hepatitis B DNA was not detected after infection, which tested soley core antibody positive. An undetectable peak antibody response of <10 mIU/ml and a mother who was hepatitis B e antigen positive were powerful risk factors for chronic infection.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Adolescents and young adults vaccinated in infancy are at increased risk of hepatitis B infection, but not chronic infection. Married women were not at increased risk. There is no compelling evidence for the use of a booster dose of HBV vaccine in The Gambia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-607fc52d3ee843cf98ad5edb1dcbcfbf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj-art-607fc52d3ee843cf98ad5edb1dcbcfbf2025-08-20T03:26:44ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0183e5802910.1371/journal.pone.0058029Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose.Maimuna MendyIngrid PetersonSafayet HossinTom PetoMomodou L JobartehAdam Jeng-BarryMamadi SidibehAbdoulie JattaSophie E MooreAndrew J HallHilton Whittle<h4>Objectives</h4>To determine the duration of protection from hepatitis B vaccine given in infancy and early childhood and asses risk factors for HBV infection and chronic infection.<h4>Methods</h4>In 1984 infant HBV vaccination was started in two Gambian villages. Cross sectional serological surveys have been undertaken every 4 years to determine vaccine efficacy. In the current survey 84.6% of 1508 eligible participants aged 1-28 years were tested. A spouse study was conducted in females (aged 14 years and above) and their male partners.<h4>Results</h4>Vaccine efficacy against chronic infection with hepatitis B virus was 95.1% (95% confidence interval 91.5% to 97.1%), which did not vary significantly between age groups or village. Efficacy against infection was 85.4% (82.7% to 87.7%), falling significantly with age. Concentrations of hepatitis B antibody fell exponentially with age varying according to peak response: 20 years after vaccination only 17.8% (95% CI 10.1-25.6) of persons with a low peak response (10-99 mIU/ml) had detectable HBs antibody compared to 27% (21.9% to 32.2%) of those with a high peak response (>999 mIU/ml). Time since vaccination and a low peak response were the strongest risk factors for HBV infections; males were more susceptible, marriage was not a significant risk for females. Hepatitis B DNA was not detected after infection, which tested soley core antibody positive. An undetectable peak antibody response of <10 mIU/ml and a mother who was hepatitis B e antigen positive were powerful risk factors for chronic infection.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Adolescents and young adults vaccinated in infancy are at increased risk of hepatitis B infection, but not chronic infection. Married women were not at increased risk. There is no compelling evidence for the use of a booster dose of HBV vaccine in The Gambia.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058029&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Maimuna Mendy Ingrid Peterson Safayet Hossin Tom Peto Momodou L Jobarteh Adam Jeng-Barry Mamadi Sidibeh Abdoulie Jatta Sophie E Moore Andrew J Hall Hilton Whittle Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose. PLoS ONE |
| title | Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose. |
| title_full | Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose. |
| title_fullStr | Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose. |
| title_short | Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose. |
| title_sort | observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis b vaccination in two gambian villages no need for a booster dose |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058029&type=printable |
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