Recovering Ion Distribution Functions. I. Slepian Reconstruction of Velocity Distribution Functions from MMS and Solar Orbiter

Plasma velocity distribution functions (VDFs) constitute a fundamental observation of numerous operational and future missions. An efficient parameterization of VDFs is crucial for (1) preserving enough information to investigate macroscopic moments along with kinetic effects, (2) producing smooth d...

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Main Authors: Srijan Bharati Das, Michael Terres
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb6a0
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author Srijan Bharati Das
Michael Terres
author_facet Srijan Bharati Das
Michael Terres
author_sort Srijan Bharati Das
collection DOAJ
description Plasma velocity distribution functions (VDFs) constitute a fundamental observation of numerous operational and future missions. An efficient parameterization of VDFs is crucial for (1) preserving enough information to investigate macroscopic moments along with kinetic effects, (2) producing smooth distributions whereby it is possible to perform derivatives in phase space to support numerical solvers, and (3) economic data management and its storage. Previous studies have used spherical harmonics as an efficient basis for representing electron VDFs. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm targeted toward decomposing ion VDFs measured by electrostatic analyzers on board Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission and Solar Orbiter (SolO) spacecraft. We use Slepian functions, custom-designed bases providing compact support in phase space, initially developed in information theory and later used for terrestrial and planetary applications. In this paper, we choose well-studied, well-measured, and complex intervals from MMS and SolO containing a range of simpler gyrotropic and agyrotropic distributions to benchmark the robustness of our reconstruction method. We demonstrate the advantages of using Slepian functions over spherical harmonics for solar wind plasma distributions. We also demonstrate that our choice of basis representation efficiently preserves phase space complexities of a 3D agyrotropic distribution function. This algorithm shown in this study will be extended to Parker Solar Probe and future missions such as Helioswarm.
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spelling doaj-art-607b3f2266664f33a54f26be640e89102025-08-20T03:42:40ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198229610.3847/1538-4357/adb6a0Recovering Ion Distribution Functions. I. Slepian Reconstruction of Velocity Distribution Functions from MMS and Solar OrbiterSrijan Bharati Das0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-7972Michael Terres1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-6252Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; srijanbdas@alumni.princeton.eduCenter for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; srijanbdas@alumni.princeton.eduPlasma velocity distribution functions (VDFs) constitute a fundamental observation of numerous operational and future missions. An efficient parameterization of VDFs is crucial for (1) preserving enough information to investigate macroscopic moments along with kinetic effects, (2) producing smooth distributions whereby it is possible to perform derivatives in phase space to support numerical solvers, and (3) economic data management and its storage. Previous studies have used spherical harmonics as an efficient basis for representing electron VDFs. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm targeted toward decomposing ion VDFs measured by electrostatic analyzers on board Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission and Solar Orbiter (SolO) spacecraft. We use Slepian functions, custom-designed bases providing compact support in phase space, initially developed in information theory and later used for terrestrial and planetary applications. In this paper, we choose well-studied, well-measured, and complex intervals from MMS and SolO containing a range of simpler gyrotropic and agyrotropic distributions to benchmark the robustness of our reconstruction method. We demonstrate the advantages of using Slepian functions over spherical harmonics for solar wind plasma distributions. We also demonstrate that our choice of basis representation efficiently preserves phase space complexities of a 3D agyrotropic distribution function. This algorithm shown in this study will be extended to Parker Solar Probe and future missions such as Helioswarm.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb6a0Space plasmasSolar windRegressionSolar instruments
spellingShingle Srijan Bharati Das
Michael Terres
Recovering Ion Distribution Functions. I. Slepian Reconstruction of Velocity Distribution Functions from MMS and Solar Orbiter
The Astrophysical Journal
Space plasmas
Solar wind
Regression
Solar instruments
title Recovering Ion Distribution Functions. I. Slepian Reconstruction of Velocity Distribution Functions from MMS and Solar Orbiter
title_full Recovering Ion Distribution Functions. I. Slepian Reconstruction of Velocity Distribution Functions from MMS and Solar Orbiter
title_fullStr Recovering Ion Distribution Functions. I. Slepian Reconstruction of Velocity Distribution Functions from MMS and Solar Orbiter
title_full_unstemmed Recovering Ion Distribution Functions. I. Slepian Reconstruction of Velocity Distribution Functions from MMS and Solar Orbiter
title_short Recovering Ion Distribution Functions. I. Slepian Reconstruction of Velocity Distribution Functions from MMS and Solar Orbiter
title_sort recovering ion distribution functions i slepian reconstruction of velocity distribution functions from mms and solar orbiter
topic Space plasmas
Solar wind
Regression
Solar instruments
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb6a0
work_keys_str_mv AT srijanbharatidas recoveringiondistributionfunctionsislepianreconstructionofvelocitydistributionfunctionsfrommmsandsolarorbiter
AT michaelterres recoveringiondistributionfunctionsislepianreconstructionofvelocitydistributionfunctionsfrommmsandsolarorbiter