Area-Level Indices and Health Care Use in a Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Cohort: Observational Study

Abstract BackgroundWhile survival among pediatric patients with cancer has advanced, disparities persist. Public health tools such as the Area Deprivation Index, the Child Opportunity Index (COI), and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) are potential proxies for social determ...

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Main Authors: Yvette H Tran, Seho Park, Scott L Coven, Eneida A Mendonca
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2025-05-01
Series:JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
Online Access:https://publichealth.jmir.org/2025/1/e66834
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author Yvette H Tran
Seho Park
Scott L Coven
Eneida A Mendonca
author_facet Yvette H Tran
Seho Park
Scott L Coven
Eneida A Mendonca
author_sort Yvette H Tran
collection DOAJ
description Abstract BackgroundWhile survival among pediatric patients with cancer has advanced, disparities persist. Public health tools such as the Area Deprivation Index, the Child Opportunity Index (COI), and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) are potential proxies for social determinants of health and could help researchers, public health practitioners, and clinicians identify neighborhoods or populations most likely to experience adverse outcomes. However, evidence regarding their relationship with health care use, especially in the pediatric population with cancer, remains mixed. ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the relationship between emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations with these area-level indices in our study population. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric patients with brain and central nervous system tumors in a single Midwestern state who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2020. We fitted zero-inflated Poisson models for counts of ED and inpatient visits to determine if any of these use measures were associated with our 3 area-level indices. Finally, we mapped index quintiles onto neighborhoods to visualize and compare how each index differentially ranks neighborhoods. ResultsOur study cohort consisted of 524 patients; 78.6% (n=412) of them had no recorded ED visit, and 39.7% (n=208) had no record of hospitalization. Moderate (coefficient=0.306; PPPP ConclusionsAlthough indices provide useful context about the environment in which our patient population resides in, we found little evidence that neighborhood conditions as measured by these indices consistently or reliably relate to health care use.
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spelling doaj-art-6078deea7ea54710b06e14af2fafb0fd2025-08-20T03:09:12ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Public Health and Surveillance2369-29602025-05-0111e66834e6683410.2196/66834Area-Level Indices and Health Care Use in a Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Cohort: Observational StudyYvette H Tranhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-4944Seho Parkhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-1916Scott L Covenhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-7928Eneida A Mendoncahttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-9221 Abstract BackgroundWhile survival among pediatric patients with cancer has advanced, disparities persist. Public health tools such as the Area Deprivation Index, the Child Opportunity Index (COI), and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) are potential proxies for social determinants of health and could help researchers, public health practitioners, and clinicians identify neighborhoods or populations most likely to experience adverse outcomes. However, evidence regarding their relationship with health care use, especially in the pediatric population with cancer, remains mixed. ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the relationship between emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations with these area-level indices in our study population. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric patients with brain and central nervous system tumors in a single Midwestern state who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2020. We fitted zero-inflated Poisson models for counts of ED and inpatient visits to determine if any of these use measures were associated with our 3 area-level indices. Finally, we mapped index quintiles onto neighborhoods to visualize and compare how each index differentially ranks neighborhoods. ResultsOur study cohort consisted of 524 patients; 78.6% (n=412) of them had no recorded ED visit, and 39.7% (n=208) had no record of hospitalization. Moderate (coefficient=0.306; PPPP ConclusionsAlthough indices provide useful context about the environment in which our patient population resides in, we found little evidence that neighborhood conditions as measured by these indices consistently or reliably relate to health care use.https://publichealth.jmir.org/2025/1/e66834
spellingShingle Yvette H Tran
Seho Park
Scott L Coven
Eneida A Mendonca
Area-Level Indices and Health Care Use in a Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Cohort: Observational Study
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
title Area-Level Indices and Health Care Use in a Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Cohort: Observational Study
title_full Area-Level Indices and Health Care Use in a Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Cohort: Observational Study
title_fullStr Area-Level Indices and Health Care Use in a Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Cohort: Observational Study
title_full_unstemmed Area-Level Indices and Health Care Use in a Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Cohort: Observational Study
title_short Area-Level Indices and Health Care Use in a Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Cohort: Observational Study
title_sort area level indices and health care use in a pediatric brain and central nervous system tumor cohort observational study
url https://publichealth.jmir.org/2025/1/e66834
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AT scottlcoven arealevelindicesandhealthcareuseinapediatricbrainandcentralnervoussystemtumorcohortobservationalstudy
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