Advances in Genetic Diversity of Germplasm Resources, Origin and Evolution of Turnip Rape (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L.)

Advances in Genetic Diversity of Germplasm Resources, Origin and Evolution of Turnip Rape (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L.)

During a prolonged domestication and environmental selection, <i>Brassica rapa</i> has formed diverse morphological types during a cultivation process of up to 8000 years, such as root-type turnips (<i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>rapa</i>), leaf-type Chinese cabbage...

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Main Authors: Xiaoming Lu, Tianyu Zhang, Yuanqiang Ma, Chunyang Han, Wenxin Yang, Yuanyuan Pu, Li Ma, Junyan Wu, Gang Yang, Wangtian Wang, Tingting Fan, Lijun Liu, Wancang Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
<i>Brassica rapa</i> L.
morphological variation
origin and evolution
karyotype analysis
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2311
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Summary:During a prolonged domestication and environmental selection, <i>Brassica rapa</i> has formed diverse morphological types during a cultivation process of up to 8000 years, such as root-type turnips (<i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>rapa</i>), leaf-type Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>pekinensis</i>), oil-type rapeseed (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L.), and other rich types. China is one of the origins of <i>Brassica rapa</i> L., which is spread all over the east, west, south, and north of China. Studying its origin and evolution holds significant importance for unraveling the cultivation history of Chinese oilseed crops, intraspecific evolutionary relationships, and the utilization value of genetic resources. This article summarizes the cultivation history, evolution, classification research progress, and germplasm resource diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>oleifera</i> in China. Combining karyotype analysis, genomic information, and wild relatives of <i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>oleifera</i> discovered on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, it is proposed that <i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>oleifera</i> has the characteristic of polycentric origin, and Gansu Province in China is one of the earliest regions for its cultivation. <i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>oleifera</i>, originating from the Mediterranean region, was diffused to the East Asian continent through two independent transmission paths (one via the Turkish Plateau and the other via Central Asia and Siberia). Analyzing the genetic diversity characteristics and evolutionary trajectories of these two transmission paths lays a foundation for clarifying the origin and evolutionary process of <i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>oleifera</i> and accelerating the breeding of <i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>oleifera</i> in China. Despite existing research on the origin of <i>Brassica rapa</i> L., the domestication process of this species remains unresolved. Future studies will employ whole-genome resequencing to address this fundamental question.
ISSN:2223-7747

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