The role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity

Autoimmune disorders (AD) represent a heterogeneous group of multifactorial chronic conditions, which are triggered secondary to the loss of self-antigen tolerance. Their etiology involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors; however, AD cannot be explained by these factors alone. Recent...

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Main Authors: Nadya T. Avramova, Boyko K. Bonev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-04-01
Series:Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1450&context=jmms
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author Nadya T. Avramova
Boyko K. Bonev
author_facet Nadya T. Avramova
Boyko K. Bonev
author_sort Nadya T. Avramova
collection DOAJ
description Autoimmune disorders (AD) represent a heterogeneous group of multifactorial chronic conditions, which are triggered secondary to the loss of self-antigen tolerance. Their etiology involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors; however, AD cannot be explained by these factors alone. Recent studies have shown increasing stress levels in industrialized countries and also increasing trends in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases. The oral mucosa is extremely responsive to emotional influences such as stress, anxiety and depression. Therefore, oral diseases can appear as a direct expression of emotions or indirectly, due to various psychological mechanisms. The aim of this study is to find and present possible correlations in order to support the hypothesis that psychogenic factors can play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity. The review is focused on clarifying epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, course, clinical signs, and management of oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, psoriasis, muco-membranous pemphigoid, pemphigus, and erythema multiforme. Existing literature suggests bidirectional links between psychogenic factors and autoimmune diseases, which influence patients' psychological well-being and quality of life. Consequently, research and medical practice must continue investigations related to the proper diagnosis and clinical management of these conditions. The first signs of several diseases first appear in the oral cavity, which means that dentists can play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of AD oral. Although the role of psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of AD is still underestimated, a holistic multidisciplinary approach should be implemented to provide for these health problems an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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spelling doaj-art-6066ab964ab84ae8b4635acdc13abcb32025-08-20T03:04:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Mind and Medical Sciences2392-76742024-04-01111101610.22543/2392-7674.1450The role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavityNadya T. Avramova0Boyko K. Bonev1Medical University-Sofia, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Public Health, Sofia, BulgariaMedical University-Sofia, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Public Health, Sofia, BulgariaAutoimmune disorders (AD) represent a heterogeneous group of multifactorial chronic conditions, which are triggered secondary to the loss of self-antigen tolerance. Their etiology involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors; however, AD cannot be explained by these factors alone. Recent studies have shown increasing stress levels in industrialized countries and also increasing trends in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases. The oral mucosa is extremely responsive to emotional influences such as stress, anxiety and depression. Therefore, oral diseases can appear as a direct expression of emotions or indirectly, due to various psychological mechanisms. The aim of this study is to find and present possible correlations in order to support the hypothesis that psychogenic factors can play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity. The review is focused on clarifying epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, course, clinical signs, and management of oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, psoriasis, muco-membranous pemphigoid, pemphigus, and erythema multiforme. Existing literature suggests bidirectional links between psychogenic factors and autoimmune diseases, which influence patients' psychological well-being and quality of life. Consequently, research and medical practice must continue investigations related to the proper diagnosis and clinical management of these conditions. The first signs of several diseases first appear in the oral cavity, which means that dentists can play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of AD oral. Although the role of psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of AD is still underestimated, a holistic multidisciplinary approach should be implemented to provide for these health problems an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1450&context=jmmsautoimmune disordersoral cavitypsychological factorsbio-psycho-social (holistic) approach to oral healthdentistsdental practice
spellingShingle Nadya T. Avramova
Boyko K. Bonev
The role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity
Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences
autoimmune disorders
oral cavity
psychological factors
bio-psycho-social (holistic) approach to oral health
dentists
dental practice
title The role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity
title_full The role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity
title_fullStr The role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity
title_full_unstemmed The role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity
title_short The role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity
title_sort role of psychogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in the oral cavity
topic autoimmune disorders
oral cavity
psychological factors
bio-psycho-social (holistic) approach to oral health
dentists
dental practice
url https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1450&context=jmms
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