Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate during Xenopus development
Thyroid hormone (T3) is essential for vertebrate development as animals fail to develop into adults in the absence of T3. T3 is particularly critical for postembryonic development. This is a period around birth in mammals when most organs mature as plasma T3 level peaks. Unlike embryogenesis, postem...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1614439/full |
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| author | Yuta Tanizaki Yun-Bo Shi |
| author_facet | Yuta Tanizaki Yun-Bo Shi |
| author_sort | Yuta Tanizaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thyroid hormone (T3) is essential for vertebrate development as animals fail to develop into adults in the absence of T3. T3 is particularly critical for postembryonic development. This is a period around birth in mammals when most organs mature as plasma T3 level peaks. Unlike embryogenesis, postembryonic development has not been well-studied in mammals due to the difficulty to manipulate mammalian embryos and neonates. In contrast, anuran metamorphosis involves drastic transformations of essentially every organ/tissue of a tadpole and can be easily manipulated externally without maternal influence. In addition, most changes during metamorphosis resemble organ-maturation during postembryonic mammalian development. Thus, metamorphosis offers a unique and highly advantageous opportunity for studying postembryonic vertebrate development. Studies on the metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis, two highly related species have offered significant insights on the function of thyroid hormone receptors in development. Here we will review some of these studies, with particular emphasis on recent genetic and genome-wide molecular analyses in the diploid species Xenopus tropicalis, that support a dual function model of TR, involving distinct, organ-specific roles of TRα and TRβ, the only known TR genes in all vertebrates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-604e0a654fa348a98a873b5d900040dc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-604e0a654fa348a98a873b5d900040dc2025-08-20T03:11:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-06-011610.3389/fendo.2025.16144391614439Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate during Xenopus developmentYuta Tanizaki0Yun-Bo Shi1Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanSection on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Maryland, MD, United StatesThyroid hormone (T3) is essential for vertebrate development as animals fail to develop into adults in the absence of T3. T3 is particularly critical for postembryonic development. This is a period around birth in mammals when most organs mature as plasma T3 level peaks. Unlike embryogenesis, postembryonic development has not been well-studied in mammals due to the difficulty to manipulate mammalian embryos and neonates. In contrast, anuran metamorphosis involves drastic transformations of essentially every organ/tissue of a tadpole and can be easily manipulated externally without maternal influence. In addition, most changes during metamorphosis resemble organ-maturation during postembryonic mammalian development. Thus, metamorphosis offers a unique and highly advantageous opportunity for studying postembryonic vertebrate development. Studies on the metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis, two highly related species have offered significant insights on the function of thyroid hormone receptors in development. Here we will review some of these studies, with particular emphasis on recent genetic and genome-wide molecular analyses in the diploid species Xenopus tropicalis, that support a dual function model of TR, involving distinct, organ-specific roles of TRα and TRβ, the only known TR genes in all vertebrates.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1614439/fullXenopus laevisXenopus tropicalisdevelopmental timingmetamorphosisthyroid hormone receptorchromatin remodeling |
| spellingShingle | Yuta Tanizaki Yun-Bo Shi Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate during Xenopus development Frontiers in Endocrinology Xenopus laevis Xenopus tropicalis developmental timing metamorphosis thyroid hormone receptor chromatin remodeling |
| title | Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate during Xenopus development |
| title_full | Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate during Xenopus development |
| title_fullStr | Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate during Xenopus development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate during Xenopus development |
| title_short | Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate during Xenopus development |
| title_sort | thyroid hormone receptor subtype specific function in controlling organ specific developmental timing and rate during xenopus development |
| topic | Xenopus laevis Xenopus tropicalis developmental timing metamorphosis thyroid hormone receptor chromatin remodeling |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1614439/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yutatanizaki thyroidhormonereceptorsubtypespecificfunctionincontrollingorganspecificdevelopmentaltimingandrateduringxenopusdevelopment AT yunboshi thyroidhormonereceptorsubtypespecificfunctionincontrollingorganspecificdevelopmentaltimingandrateduringxenopusdevelopment |