At the Intersection of Faith, Allegiances Toward the State, and Economic Deprivation: The Case of the Christian Democratic Unions in 19th Century Western Europe
Why were Christian democratic unions (CDUs) among workers and farmers more proactive in some Western European states than in others? Marxist theories explain union activity by industrialization. However, CDUs were not the most active in the late 19th century in rapidly industrializing states, e.g.,...
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Rasim Özgür Dönmez
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Alternatif Politika |
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| Online Access: | https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2697945 |
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| author | Başak Taraktaş |
| author_facet | Başak Taraktaş |
| author_sort | Başak Taraktaş |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Why were Christian democratic unions (CDUs) among workers and farmers more proactive in some Western European states than in others? Marxist theories explain union activity by industrialization. However, CDUs were not the most active in the late 19th century in rapidly industrializing states, e.g., Italy and Germany. Using social identity theory and Lipset’s Rokkan’s cleavage theory, this paper conducts process tracing on the German, French, Italian, Dutch, and Belgian cases to test the following argument: CDUs were more likely to develop in states where anticlerical attacks unleashed a center-periphery conflict. CDUs are less likely to expand in states where anticlerical attacks precipitated a church-state conflict. The presence of a Catholic minority moderated this relationship. In the Protestant-dominant states, Catholicism allowed for mobilizing individuals and maintaining cohesion. The Lutheran states’ hostility toward Catholic activism and the regional concentration of the minority accentuated this denominational difference, which catalyzed CDU development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-602d62e05c4a4071b9819295074fc031 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1309-0593 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Rasim Özgür Dönmez |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Alternatif Politika |
| spelling | doaj-art-602d62e05c4a4071b9819295074fc0312025-08-20T02:35:21ZengRasim Özgür DönmezAlternatif Politika1309-05932022-10-0114361264010.53376/ap.2022.212306At the Intersection of Faith, Allegiances Toward the State, and Economic Deprivation: The Case of the Christian Democratic Unions in 19th Century Western EuropeBaşak Taraktaş0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-4801BOGAZICI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSWhy were Christian democratic unions (CDUs) among workers and farmers more proactive in some Western European states than in others? Marxist theories explain union activity by industrialization. However, CDUs were not the most active in the late 19th century in rapidly industrializing states, e.g., Italy and Germany. Using social identity theory and Lipset’s Rokkan’s cleavage theory, this paper conducts process tracing on the German, French, Italian, Dutch, and Belgian cases to test the following argument: CDUs were more likely to develop in states where anticlerical attacks unleashed a center-periphery conflict. CDUs are less likely to expand in states where anticlerical attacks precipitated a church-state conflict. The presence of a Catholic minority moderated this relationship. In the Protestant-dominant states, Catholicism allowed for mobilizing individuals and maintaining cohesion. The Lutheran states’ hostility toward Catholic activism and the regional concentration of the minority accentuated this denominational difference, which catalyzed CDU development.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2697945hıristiyan demokrasihıristiyan demokrat sendikalarbölünmelersanayileşmemezhepsel farklılıklarchristian democracychristian democratic unionscleavagesindustrializationdenominational differences |
| spellingShingle | Başak Taraktaş At the Intersection of Faith, Allegiances Toward the State, and Economic Deprivation: The Case of the Christian Democratic Unions in 19th Century Western Europe Alternatif Politika hıristiyan demokrasi hıristiyan demokrat sendikalar bölünmeler sanayileşme mezhepsel farklılıklar christian democracy christian democratic unions cleavages industrialization denominational differences |
| title | At the Intersection of Faith, Allegiances Toward the State, and Economic Deprivation: The Case of the Christian Democratic Unions in 19th Century Western Europe |
| title_full | At the Intersection of Faith, Allegiances Toward the State, and Economic Deprivation: The Case of the Christian Democratic Unions in 19th Century Western Europe |
| title_fullStr | At the Intersection of Faith, Allegiances Toward the State, and Economic Deprivation: The Case of the Christian Democratic Unions in 19th Century Western Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | At the Intersection of Faith, Allegiances Toward the State, and Economic Deprivation: The Case of the Christian Democratic Unions in 19th Century Western Europe |
| title_short | At the Intersection of Faith, Allegiances Toward the State, and Economic Deprivation: The Case of the Christian Democratic Unions in 19th Century Western Europe |
| title_sort | at the intersection of faith allegiances toward the state and economic deprivation the case of the christian democratic unions in 19th century western europe |
| topic | hıristiyan demokrasi hıristiyan demokrat sendikalar bölünmeler sanayileşme mezhepsel farklılıklar christian democracy christian democratic unions cleavages industrialization denominational differences |
| url | https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2697945 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT basaktaraktas attheintersectionoffaithallegiancestowardthestateandeconomicdeprivationthecaseofthechristiandemocraticunionsin19thcenturywesterneurope |