Advancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulations
Abstract Imaging with X-rays poses fundamental limits due to radiation damage of the highly energetic photons. This becomes problematic for sensitive biological systems such as subcellular structures. Lowering the radiation dose, without sacrificing the signal-to-noise ratio, would be desirable for...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10495-z |
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| author | Pakhshan Espoukeh Gabriel Biener James Baxter Andrew Aquila Peter Schwander |
| author_facet | Pakhshan Espoukeh Gabriel Biener James Baxter Andrew Aquila Peter Schwander |
| author_sort | Pakhshan Espoukeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Imaging with X-rays poses fundamental limits due to radiation damage of the highly energetic photons. This becomes problematic for sensitive biological systems such as subcellular structures. Lowering the radiation dose, without sacrificing the signal-to-noise ratio, would be desirable for any kind of imaging modalities involving X-rays. To achieve this goal, quantum imaging with entangled X-ray photons constitutes a promising route. Production of biphotons have been demonstrated in the X-ray regime by the process of Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC). However, compared to SPDC in the regime of visible light, the production rate for X-ray biphotons is extremely low. With the introduction of new high average brightness X-ray sources, such as 4th generation synchrotrons and high repetition rate Free-Electron X-ray Lasers (XFEL), quantum imaging may become practical. We introduce a ray tracing approach using Monte-Carlo sampling, specifically designed for quantum imaging with entangled X-ray photons generated by SPDC. By simulation, the superior image quality of quantum over classical imaging methods is demonstrated using realistic experimental conditions available at high repetition rate XFELs. With these simulations, we can efficiently assist the design of future experiments at beam lines, which can substantially accelerate the advancement of X-ray quantum imaging and reduce costs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-600b50004658486f8a66e8da33b674c3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-600b50004658486f8a66e8da33b674c32025-08-20T04:01:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-10495-zAdvancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulationsPakhshan Espoukeh0Gabriel Biener1James Baxter2Andrew Aquila3Peter Schwander4University of Wisconsin – MilwaukeeUniversity of Wisconsin – MilwaukeeSLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryUniversity of Wisconsin – MilwaukeeAbstract Imaging with X-rays poses fundamental limits due to radiation damage of the highly energetic photons. This becomes problematic for sensitive biological systems such as subcellular structures. Lowering the radiation dose, without sacrificing the signal-to-noise ratio, would be desirable for any kind of imaging modalities involving X-rays. To achieve this goal, quantum imaging with entangled X-ray photons constitutes a promising route. Production of biphotons have been demonstrated in the X-ray regime by the process of Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC). However, compared to SPDC in the regime of visible light, the production rate for X-ray biphotons is extremely low. With the introduction of new high average brightness X-ray sources, such as 4th generation synchrotrons and high repetition rate Free-Electron X-ray Lasers (XFEL), quantum imaging may become practical. We introduce a ray tracing approach using Monte-Carlo sampling, specifically designed for quantum imaging with entangled X-ray photons generated by SPDC. By simulation, the superior image quality of quantum over classical imaging methods is demonstrated using realistic experimental conditions available at high repetition rate XFELs. With these simulations, we can efficiently assist the design of future experiments at beam lines, which can substantially accelerate the advancement of X-ray quantum imaging and reduce costs.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10495-zLow-dose ImagingEntangled PhotonsX-ray Spontaneous Parametric Down-ConversionQuantum ImagingGhost ImagingQuantum Advantage |
| spellingShingle | Pakhshan Espoukeh Gabriel Biener James Baxter Andrew Aquila Peter Schwander Advancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulations Scientific Reports Low-dose Imaging Entangled Photons X-ray Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion Quantum Imaging Ghost Imaging Quantum Advantage |
| title | Advancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulations |
| title_full | Advancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulations |
| title_fullStr | Advancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulations |
| title_short | Advancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulations |
| title_sort | advancing x ray quantum imaging through monte carlo simulations |
| topic | Low-dose Imaging Entangled Photons X-ray Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion Quantum Imaging Ghost Imaging Quantum Advantage |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10495-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pakhshanespoukeh advancingxrayquantumimagingthroughmontecarlosimulations AT gabrielbiener advancingxrayquantumimagingthroughmontecarlosimulations AT jamesbaxter advancingxrayquantumimagingthroughmontecarlosimulations AT andrewaquila advancingxrayquantumimagingthroughmontecarlosimulations AT peterschwander advancingxrayquantumimagingthroughmontecarlosimulations |