Regression-based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specifications
This research aims to develop a predictive model to estimate the lines of code (LOC) of software projects using technical requirements specifications. It addresses the recurring issue of inaccurate effort and cost estimation in software development that often results in budget overruns and delays. T...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://murjet.muet.edu.pk/index.php/home/article/view/298 |
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| _version_ | 1849701198306738176 |
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| author | Iqra Kanwal Ali Afzal Malik |
| author_facet | Iqra Kanwal Ali Afzal Malik |
| author_sort | Iqra Kanwal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research aims to develop a predictive model to estimate the lines of code (LOC) of software projects using technical requirements specifications. It addresses the recurring issue of inaccurate effort and cost estimation in software development that often results in budget overruns and delays. This study includes a detailed analysis of a dataset comprising past real-life software projects. It focuses on extracting relevant predictors from projects' requirements written in technical and easily comprehensible natural language. To assess feasibility, a pilot study is conducted at the beginning. Then, Simple Linear Regression (SLR) is employed to determine the relative predictive strength of eight potential predictors identified earlier. The number of API calls is found to be the strongest independent predictor (R2 = 0.670) of LOC. The subsequent phase entails constructing a software size prediction model using Forward Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (FSMLR). The adjusted R2 value of the final model indicates that two factors – the number of API calls and the number of GUI fields – account for more than 80% of the variation in code size (measured using LOC). Model validation is performed using k-fold cross-validation. Validation results are also promising. The average MMRE of all folds is 0.203 indicating that, on average, the model's predictions are off by approximately 20% relative to the actual values. The average PRED (25) is 0.708 implying that nearly 71% of predicted size values are within 25% of the actual size values. This model can help project managers in making better decisions regarding project management, budgeting, and scheduling. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6009d8abaef541c2b0a83240d83f34e7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0254-7821 2413-7219 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Mehran University of Engineering and Technology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6009d8abaef541c2b0a83240d83f34e72025-08-20T03:18:01ZengMehran University of Engineering and TechnologyMehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology0254-78212413-72192025-04-0144216417310.22581/muet1982.3289300Regression-based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specificationsIqra Kanwal0Ali Afzal Malik1FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), LahoreFAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), LahoreThis research aims to develop a predictive model to estimate the lines of code (LOC) of software projects using technical requirements specifications. It addresses the recurring issue of inaccurate effort and cost estimation in software development that often results in budget overruns and delays. This study includes a detailed analysis of a dataset comprising past real-life software projects. It focuses on extracting relevant predictors from projects' requirements written in technical and easily comprehensible natural language. To assess feasibility, a pilot study is conducted at the beginning. Then, Simple Linear Regression (SLR) is employed to determine the relative predictive strength of eight potential predictors identified earlier. The number of API calls is found to be the strongest independent predictor (R2 = 0.670) of LOC. The subsequent phase entails constructing a software size prediction model using Forward Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (FSMLR). The adjusted R2 value of the final model indicates that two factors – the number of API calls and the number of GUI fields – account for more than 80% of the variation in code size (measured using LOC). Model validation is performed using k-fold cross-validation. Validation results are also promising. The average MMRE of all folds is 0.203 indicating that, on average, the model's predictions are off by approximately 20% relative to the actual values. The average PRED (25) is 0.708 implying that nearly 71% of predicted size values are within 25% of the actual size values. This model can help project managers in making better decisions regarding project management, budgeting, and scheduling.https://murjet.muet.edu.pk/index.php/home/article/view/298k-fold cross validationlines of code multiple linear regressionsize prediction modelsoftware size predictiontechnical specifications |
| spellingShingle | Iqra Kanwal Ali Afzal Malik Regression-based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specifications Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology k-fold cross validation lines of code multiple linear regression size prediction model software size prediction technical specifications |
| title | Regression-based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specifications |
| title_full | Regression-based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specifications |
| title_fullStr | Regression-based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specifications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regression-based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specifications |
| title_short | Regression-based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specifications |
| title_sort | regression based predictive modelling of software size of fintech projects using technical specifications |
| topic | k-fold cross validation lines of code multiple linear regression size prediction model software size prediction technical specifications |
| url | https://murjet.muet.edu.pk/index.php/home/article/view/298 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT iqrakanwal regressionbasedpredictivemodellingofsoftwaresizeoffintechprojectsusingtechnicalspecifications AT aliafzalmalik regressionbasedpredictivemodellingofsoftwaresizeoffintechprojectsusingtechnicalspecifications |