Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiry

Introduction Growing evidence supports linkages between climate change and extreme weather events (EWEs) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adults. Yet knowledge gaps persist regarding climate-related experiences and pathways to SRH among young adolescents (YA). We conducted a multi-meth...

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Main Authors: Robert Hogg, Peter A Newman, Sheri Weiser, Carmen H. Logie, Lesley Gittings, Aryssa Hasham, Julia Kagunda, Humphres Evelia, Clara Gachoki, Beldine Omondi, Mercy Wanjiru, Sarah Van Borek, Esme Fuller-Thomson, Lina Taing, Isabel Sternthal, Janet Turan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-05-01
Series:BMJ Global Health
Online Access:https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/5/e016637.full
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author Robert Hogg
Peter A Newman
Sheri Weiser
Carmen H. Logie
Lesley Gittings
Aryssa Hasham
Julia Kagunda
Humphres Evelia
Clara Gachoki
Beldine Omondi
Mercy Wanjiru
Sarah Van Borek
Esme Fuller-Thomson
Lina Taing
Isabel Sternthal
Janet Turan
author_facet Robert Hogg
Peter A Newman
Sheri Weiser
Carmen H. Logie
Lesley Gittings
Aryssa Hasham
Julia Kagunda
Humphres Evelia
Clara Gachoki
Beldine Omondi
Mercy Wanjiru
Sarah Van Borek
Esme Fuller-Thomson
Lina Taing
Isabel Sternthal
Janet Turan
author_sort Robert Hogg
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Growing evidence supports linkages between climate change and extreme weather events (EWEs) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adults. Yet knowledge gaps persist regarding climate-related experiences and pathways to SRH among young adolescents (YA). We conducted a multi-method qualitative study to explore climate change-related factors and linkages with SRH among YA aged 10–14 years in Kenya.Methods This six-site study was conducted in Nairobi’s urban slum Mathare; Naivasha’s flower farming community; Kisumu’s fishing community; Isiolo’s nomadic and pastoralist community; Kilifi’s coastal smallholder farms and Kalobeyei refugee settlement. Methods involved: n=12 elder focus groups, n=60 YA walk-along interviews (WAIs) and n=12 2-day YA participatory mapping workshops (PMWs). We conducted codebook thematic analysis informed by the resource insecurity framework.Results Participants (n=297) included: elders (n=119; mean age: 60.6 years, SD: 7.9; men: 48.7%, women: 51.3%), YA WAI participants (n=60; mean age: 13.4, SD: 1.5; boys: 51.4%, girls: 48.6%) and YA PMW participants (n=118; mean age: 12.1, SD: 1.3; boys: 50.8%, girls: 49.2%). Narratives identified climate-related changes and EWEs increased existing resource insecurities that, in turn, were linked directly and indirectly with SRH vulnerabilities. Food and water insecurity contributed to YA missing school, sexual violence, transactional sex and exploitative relationships. Sanitation insecurity produced challenges regarding menstrual hygiene, sexual violence risks and transactional sex. Transactional sex and exploitative relationships were linked with unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection risks. Gender inequities increased girls’ risks for violence and sexual exploitation, whereas boys were more prone to running away.Conclusion We found that climate change exacerbated resource insecurities that may drive SRH outcomes among YA in Kenya. We developed a conceptual model to illustrate these pathways linking climate change, EWEs, resource insecurities and SRH. Climate-informed interventions should consider these pathways within larger social environmental contexts to advance young adolescent SRH in Kenya.
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spelling doaj-art-600769f92d26403a816d31d48357a35c2025-08-20T02:16:05ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082025-05-0110510.1136/bmjgh-2024-016637Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiryRobert Hogg0Peter A Newman1Sheri Weiser2Carmen H. Logie3Lesley Gittings4Aryssa Hasham5Julia Kagunda6Humphres Evelia7Clara Gachoki8Beldine Omondi9Mercy Wanjiru10Sarah Van Borek11Esme Fuller-Thomson12Lina Taing13Isabel Sternthal14Janet Turan159 Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada1 Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada8 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA1 Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada7 School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada1 Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada5 Department of Communication Studies, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya6 Centre for the Study of Adolescence, Nairobi, Kenya4 Elim Trust, Nairobi, Kenya6 Centre for the Study of Adolescence, Nairobi, Kenya4 Elim Trust, Nairobi, Kenya1 Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada1 Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 United Nations University Institute for Water Environment and Health, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada1 Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada10 Department of Health Policy and Organization, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USAIntroduction Growing evidence supports linkages between climate change and extreme weather events (EWEs) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adults. Yet knowledge gaps persist regarding climate-related experiences and pathways to SRH among young adolescents (YA). We conducted a multi-method qualitative study to explore climate change-related factors and linkages with SRH among YA aged 10–14 years in Kenya.Methods This six-site study was conducted in Nairobi’s urban slum Mathare; Naivasha’s flower farming community; Kisumu’s fishing community; Isiolo’s nomadic and pastoralist community; Kilifi’s coastal smallholder farms and Kalobeyei refugee settlement. Methods involved: n=12 elder focus groups, n=60 YA walk-along interviews (WAIs) and n=12 2-day YA participatory mapping workshops (PMWs). We conducted codebook thematic analysis informed by the resource insecurity framework.Results Participants (n=297) included: elders (n=119; mean age: 60.6 years, SD: 7.9; men: 48.7%, women: 51.3%), YA WAI participants (n=60; mean age: 13.4, SD: 1.5; boys: 51.4%, girls: 48.6%) and YA PMW participants (n=118; mean age: 12.1, SD: 1.3; boys: 50.8%, girls: 49.2%). Narratives identified climate-related changes and EWEs increased existing resource insecurities that, in turn, were linked directly and indirectly with SRH vulnerabilities. Food and water insecurity contributed to YA missing school, sexual violence, transactional sex and exploitative relationships. Sanitation insecurity produced challenges regarding menstrual hygiene, sexual violence risks and transactional sex. Transactional sex and exploitative relationships were linked with unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection risks. Gender inequities increased girls’ risks for violence and sexual exploitation, whereas boys were more prone to running away.Conclusion We found that climate change exacerbated resource insecurities that may drive SRH outcomes among YA in Kenya. We developed a conceptual model to illustrate these pathways linking climate change, EWEs, resource insecurities and SRH. Climate-informed interventions should consider these pathways within larger social environmental contexts to advance young adolescent SRH in Kenya.https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/5/e016637.full
spellingShingle Robert Hogg
Peter A Newman
Sheri Weiser
Carmen H. Logie
Lesley Gittings
Aryssa Hasham
Julia Kagunda
Humphres Evelia
Clara Gachoki
Beldine Omondi
Mercy Wanjiru
Sarah Van Borek
Esme Fuller-Thomson
Lina Taing
Isabel Sternthal
Janet Turan
Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiry
BMJ Global Health
title Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiry
title_full Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiry
title_fullStr Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiry
title_full_unstemmed Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiry
title_short Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiry
title_sort climate change resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in kenya a multi method qualitative inquiry
url https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/5/e016637.full
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