Optimized Temporal Interference Stimulation Based on Convex Optimization: A Computational Study
Temporal interference (TI) stimulation is a non-invasive method targeting deep brain regions by applying two pairs of high-frequency currents with a slight frequency difference to the scalp. However, optimizing electrode configurations for TI via computational modeling is challenging and time-consum...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10951111/ |
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| _version_ | 1849700501285765120 |
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| author | Chao Geng Yang Li Long Li Xiaoqi Zhu Xiaohan Hou Tian Liu |
| author_facet | Chao Geng Yang Li Long Li Xiaoqi Zhu Xiaohan Hou Tian Liu |
| author_sort | Chao Geng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Temporal interference (TI) stimulation is a non-invasive method targeting deep brain regions by applying two pairs of high-frequency currents with a slight frequency difference to the scalp. However, optimizing electrode configurations for TI via computational modeling is challenging and time-consuming due to the non-convex nature of the optimization. We propose a convex optimization-based method (CVXTI) for optimizing TI electrode configurations. We decompose the TI optimization into two convex steps, enabling rapid determination of electrode pair configurations. CVXTI accommodates various optimization objectives by incorporating different objective functions, thereby enhancing the focality of the stimulation field. Performance analysis of CVXTI shows superior results compared to other methods, particularly in deep brain regions. Subject variability analysis on four individuals highlights the necessity of customized stimulus optimization. CVXTI leverages the distribution characteristics of the TI envelope electric field to optimize electrode configurations, enhancing the optimization efficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5ff36bb2fd544705a0356b8705d2c8aa |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1534-4320 1558-0210 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ff36bb2fd544705a0356b8705d2c8aa2025-08-20T03:18:13ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering1534-43201558-02102025-01-01331400141010.1109/TNSRE.2025.355830610951111Optimized Temporal Interference Stimulation Based on Convex Optimization: A Computational StudyChao Geng0Yang Li1Long Li2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-5733Xiaoqi Zhu3Xiaohan Hou4Tian Liu5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-6305Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaWeiyang College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaTemporal interference (TI) stimulation is a non-invasive method targeting deep brain regions by applying two pairs of high-frequency currents with a slight frequency difference to the scalp. However, optimizing electrode configurations for TI via computational modeling is challenging and time-consuming due to the non-convex nature of the optimization. We propose a convex optimization-based method (CVXTI) for optimizing TI electrode configurations. We decompose the TI optimization into two convex steps, enabling rapid determination of electrode pair configurations. CVXTI accommodates various optimization objectives by incorporating different objective functions, thereby enhancing the focality of the stimulation field. Performance analysis of CVXTI shows superior results compared to other methods, particularly in deep brain regions. Subject variability analysis on four individuals highlights the necessity of customized stimulus optimization. CVXTI leverages the distribution characteristics of the TI envelope electric field to optimize electrode configurations, enhancing the optimization efficiency.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10951111/Temporal interference (TI) stimulationoptimizationnoninvasive brain stimulationfinite element method |
| spellingShingle | Chao Geng Yang Li Long Li Xiaoqi Zhu Xiaohan Hou Tian Liu Optimized Temporal Interference Stimulation Based on Convex Optimization: A Computational Study IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering Temporal interference (TI) stimulation optimization noninvasive brain stimulation finite element method |
| title | Optimized Temporal Interference Stimulation Based on Convex Optimization: A Computational Study |
| title_full | Optimized Temporal Interference Stimulation Based on Convex Optimization: A Computational Study |
| title_fullStr | Optimized Temporal Interference Stimulation Based on Convex Optimization: A Computational Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimized Temporal Interference Stimulation Based on Convex Optimization: A Computational Study |
| title_short | Optimized Temporal Interference Stimulation Based on Convex Optimization: A Computational Study |
| title_sort | optimized temporal interference stimulation based on convex optimization a computational study |
| topic | Temporal interference (TI) stimulation optimization noninvasive brain stimulation finite element method |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10951111/ |
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