Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time

This study presents a highly efficient approach to isolate high-quality cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from water hyacinth. The researchers employed a synergistic combination of steam explosion pretreatment and optimised ultrasonic fibrillation. The steam explosion pretreatment effectively disrupted th...

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Main Authors: A. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra, Muhammad Ibadurrahman, Averroes Fazlur Rahman Piliang, Marpongahtun, Amanda Jiamin Ong, Ronn Goei, Alfred Iing Yoong Tok, Refi Ikhtiari, Saharman Gea, Cut Fatimah Zuhra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:JCIS Open
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666934X25000029
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author A. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra
Muhammad Ibadurrahman
Averroes Fazlur Rahman Piliang
Marpongahtun
Amanda Jiamin Ong
Ronn Goei
Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
Refi Ikhtiari
Saharman Gea
Cut Fatimah Zuhra
author_facet A. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra
Muhammad Ibadurrahman
Averroes Fazlur Rahman Piliang
Marpongahtun
Amanda Jiamin Ong
Ronn Goei
Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
Refi Ikhtiari
Saharman Gea
Cut Fatimah Zuhra
author_sort A. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a highly efficient approach to isolate high-quality cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from water hyacinth. The researchers employed a synergistic combination of steam explosion pretreatment and optimised ultrasonic fibrillation. The steam explosion pretreatment effectively disrupted the lignocellulosic structure, enhancing subsequent chemical and mechanical processing steps. Ultrasonic fibrillation for 1, 2, and 3 h yielded CNFs with average diameters of 24.3 nm, 12.05 nm, and 8.9 nm, respectively. The cellulose yield was 43.2 % from the steam-exploded sample, with 92–98 % CNF recovery. Comprehensive analyses revealed that the steam explosion pretreatment substantially improved the dispersion stability, crystallinity index (71 %), and the thermal stability (304 °C) of the CNFs as compared to the untreated fibres. The optimised chemical treatment further enhanced the CNF properties by removing lignin and hemicellulose components. The 1 h ultrasonic fibrillation of steam-exploded cellulose demonstrated superior efficiency, outperforming previous studies without pretreatment. Prolonged fibrillation had minimal impact on the CNF characteristics. This synergistic approach provides a highly effective and efficient method for isolating premium-quality CNFs from water hyacinth, with exceptional physical and thermal properties for advanced materials and composites. These findings pave the way for further exploration of water hyacinth-derived CNF's industrial potential.
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issn 2666-934X
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Elsevier
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series JCIS Open
spelling doaj-art-5fe80dae96ec4ef1bd1fc27582ecac252025-08-20T02:51:35ZengElsevierJCIS Open2666-934X2025-04-011710012910.1016/j.jciso.2025.100129Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication timeA. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra0Muhammad Ibadurrahman1Averroes Fazlur Rahman Piliang2 Marpongahtun3Amanda Jiamin Ong4Ronn Goei5Alfred Iing Yoong Tok6Refi Ikhtiari7Saharman Gea8Cut Fatimah Zuhra9Postgraduate School, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1, Medan, 20155, Indonesia; Cellulosic and Functional Material Research Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20115, IndonesiaCellulosic and Functional Material Research Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl.Bioteknologi No.1, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20115, IndonesiaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, SingaporeSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, SingaporeSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, SingaporeDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, 20118, IndonesiaCellulosic and Functional Material Research Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20115, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20115, Indonesia; Corresponding author.This study presents a highly efficient approach to isolate high-quality cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from water hyacinth. The researchers employed a synergistic combination of steam explosion pretreatment and optimised ultrasonic fibrillation. The steam explosion pretreatment effectively disrupted the lignocellulosic structure, enhancing subsequent chemical and mechanical processing steps. Ultrasonic fibrillation for 1, 2, and 3 h yielded CNFs with average diameters of 24.3 nm, 12.05 nm, and 8.9 nm, respectively. The cellulose yield was 43.2 % from the steam-exploded sample, with 92–98 % CNF recovery. Comprehensive analyses revealed that the steam explosion pretreatment substantially improved the dispersion stability, crystallinity index (71 %), and the thermal stability (304 °C) of the CNFs as compared to the untreated fibres. The optimised chemical treatment further enhanced the CNF properties by removing lignin and hemicellulose components. The 1 h ultrasonic fibrillation of steam-exploded cellulose demonstrated superior efficiency, outperforming previous studies without pretreatment. Prolonged fibrillation had minimal impact on the CNF characteristics. This synergistic approach provides a highly effective and efficient method for isolating premium-quality CNFs from water hyacinth, with exceptional physical and thermal properties for advanced materials and composites. These findings pave the way for further exploration of water hyacinth-derived CNF's industrial potential.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666934X25000029Water hyacinthCellulose nanofibersSteam explosionUltrasonicationNanofibrillation
spellingShingle A. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra
Muhammad Ibadurrahman
Averroes Fazlur Rahman Piliang
Marpongahtun
Amanda Jiamin Ong
Ronn Goei
Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
Refi Ikhtiari
Saharman Gea
Cut Fatimah Zuhra
Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time
JCIS Open
Water hyacinth
Cellulose nanofibers
Steam explosion
Ultrasonication
Nanofibrillation
title Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time
title_full Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time
title_fullStr Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time
title_full_unstemmed Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time
title_short Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time
title_sort optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes stems effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time
topic Water hyacinth
Cellulose nanofibers
Steam explosion
Ultrasonication
Nanofibrillation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666934X25000029
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