Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít Observatory
Abstract The correlation and physical interconnection between space weather indices and cosmic ray flux has been well‐established with extensive literature on the topic. Our investigation is centered on the relationships among the solar radio flux, geomagnetic field activity, and cosmic ray flux, as...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Earth and Space Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003656 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832583532118016000 |
|---|---|
| author | Imre Kisvárdai Filip Štempel Lukáš Randuška Šimon Mackovjak Ronald Langer Igor Strhárský Ján Kubančák |
| author_facet | Imre Kisvárdai Filip Štempel Lukáš Randuška Šimon Mackovjak Ronald Langer Igor Strhárský Ján Kubančák |
| author_sort | Imre Kisvárdai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The correlation and physical interconnection between space weather indices and cosmic ray flux has been well‐established with extensive literature on the topic. Our investigation is centered on the relationships among the solar radio flux, geomagnetic field activity, and cosmic ray flux, as observed by the Neutron Monitor at the Lomnický štít Observatory in Slovakia. We processed the raw neutron monitor data, generating the first publicly accessible data set spanning 42 years. The curated continuous data are available in.csv format in hourly resolution from December 1981 to July 2023 and in minute resolution from January 2001 to July 2023 (Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10790915). Validation of this processed data was accomplished by identifying distinctive events within the data set. As part of the selection of events for case studies, we report the discovery of TGE‐s visible in the data. Applying the Pearson method for statistical analysis, we quantified the linear correlation of the data sets. Additionally, a prediction power score was computed to reveal potential non‐linear relationships. Our findings demonstrate a significant anti‐correlation between cosmic ray and solar radio flux with a correlation coefficient of −0.74, coupled with a positive correlation concerning geomagnetic field strength. We also found that the neutron monitor measurements correlate better with a delay of 7–21 hr applied to the geomagnetic field strength data. The correlation between these data sets is further improved when inspecting periods of extreme solar events only. Lastly, the computed prediction power score of 0.22 for neutron flux in the context of geomagnetic field strength presents exciting possibilities for developing real‐time geomagnetic storm prediction models based on cosmic ray measurements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5fd87472a4de4d2698eb24d511635875 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2333-5084 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth and Space Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-5fd87472a4de4d2698eb24d5116358752025-01-28T11:08:40ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Earth and Space Science2333-50842025-01-01121n/an/a10.1029/2024EA003656Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít ObservatoryImre Kisvárdai0Filip Štempel1Lukáš Randuška2Šimon Mackovjak3Ronald Langer4Igor Strhárský5Ján Kubančák6Department of Space Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice SlovakiaDepartment of Space Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice SlovakiaDepartment of Space Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice SlovakiaDepartment of Space Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice SlovakiaDepartment of Space Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice SlovakiaDepartment of Space Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice SlovakiaDepartment of Space Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice SlovakiaAbstract The correlation and physical interconnection between space weather indices and cosmic ray flux has been well‐established with extensive literature on the topic. Our investigation is centered on the relationships among the solar radio flux, geomagnetic field activity, and cosmic ray flux, as observed by the Neutron Monitor at the Lomnický štít Observatory in Slovakia. We processed the raw neutron monitor data, generating the first publicly accessible data set spanning 42 years. The curated continuous data are available in.csv format in hourly resolution from December 1981 to July 2023 and in minute resolution from January 2001 to July 2023 (Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10790915). Validation of this processed data was accomplished by identifying distinctive events within the data set. As part of the selection of events for case studies, we report the discovery of TGE‐s visible in the data. Applying the Pearson method for statistical analysis, we quantified the linear correlation of the data sets. Additionally, a prediction power score was computed to reveal potential non‐linear relationships. Our findings demonstrate a significant anti‐correlation between cosmic ray and solar radio flux with a correlation coefficient of −0.74, coupled with a positive correlation concerning geomagnetic field strength. We also found that the neutron monitor measurements correlate better with a delay of 7–21 hr applied to the geomagnetic field strength data. The correlation between these data sets is further improved when inspecting periods of extreme solar events only. Lastly, the computed prediction power score of 0.22 for neutron flux in the context of geomagnetic field strength presents exciting possibilities for developing real‐time geomagnetic storm prediction models based on cosmic ray measurements.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003656neutron monitorLomnický štítspace weatherdata set |
| spellingShingle | Imre Kisvárdai Filip Štempel Lukáš Randuška Šimon Mackovjak Ronald Langer Igor Strhárský Ján Kubančák Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít Observatory Earth and Space Science neutron monitor Lomnický štít space weather data set |
| title | Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít Observatory |
| title_full | Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít Observatory |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít Observatory |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít Observatory |
| title_short | Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít Observatory |
| title_sort | analysis of 42 years of cosmic ray measurements by the neutron monitor at lomnicky stit observatory |
| topic | neutron monitor Lomnický štít space weather data set |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003656 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT imrekisvardai analysisof42yearsofcosmicraymeasurementsbytheneutronmonitoratlomnickystitobservatory AT filipstempel analysisof42yearsofcosmicraymeasurementsbytheneutronmonitoratlomnickystitobservatory AT lukasranduska analysisof42yearsofcosmicraymeasurementsbytheneutronmonitoratlomnickystitobservatory AT simonmackovjak analysisof42yearsofcosmicraymeasurementsbytheneutronmonitoratlomnickystitobservatory AT ronaldlanger analysisof42yearsofcosmicraymeasurementsbytheneutronmonitoratlomnickystitobservatory AT igorstrharsky analysisof42yearsofcosmicraymeasurementsbytheneutronmonitoratlomnickystitobservatory AT jankubancak analysisof42yearsofcosmicraymeasurementsbytheneutronmonitoratlomnickystitobservatory |