Minerals identification and characterization using a new 3D printed composite- structured split ring resonator microwave sensor
Abstract The identification of minerals is crucial for optimizing economic and environmental strategies worldwide. This study presents a novel approach to mineral identification and characterization using microwave sensing technology. The method is specifically designed to identify and characterize...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Discover Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07286-6 |
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| author | Madan Kumar Sharma Nadir Kamal Salih Idries Abdullah Said Alkalbani Degala Satyanarayana Gopal Rathinam Ankit Sharma |
| author_facet | Madan Kumar Sharma Nadir Kamal Salih Idries Abdullah Said Alkalbani Degala Satyanarayana Gopal Rathinam Ankit Sharma |
| author_sort | Madan Kumar Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The identification of minerals is crucial for optimizing economic and environmental strategies worldwide. This study presents a novel approach to mineral identification and characterization using microwave sensing technology. The method is specifically designed to identify and characterize copper, chromite, and limestone within Oman’s geological landscape. A 3D-printed, composite-structured Split-Ring Resonator (SRR) Microwave Sensor (MW-sensor) is developed and validated. The sensor, constructed on a 40 mm × 100 mm Roger5880 substrate, incorporates a square-shaped SRR structure positioned between two hexagonal-shaped SRR structures. The sensor is offered multi-resonating points at the frequency (2 GHz, 4.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz) over a wide frequency range 2–10 GHz. The fabricated prototype demonstrated strong alignment with simulation studies. Experiments were conducted on both ideal and mining samples, revealing high sensitivity for copper (75.9%), chromite (75%), and limestone (77.44%). The SRR structures of the sensor exhibit a strong electric-field distribution, which is significantly influenced by the sample being tested. Correlation analysis of reflection results indicated a close match between ideal and mining samples, with maximum correlation coefficients of 0.857 for copper and 0.695 for chromite at 20% Wt./Vol., and 0.792 for limestone at 10% Wt./Vol. These results underscore the potential of the proposed MW-sensor as a cost-effective alternative to existing mineral detection technologies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5fcf0e2ac6544aa393493c7c4b45cbf7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3004-9261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-5fcf0e2ac6544aa393493c7c4b45cbf72025-08-20T03:46:21ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-07-017711710.1007/s42452-025-07286-6Minerals identification and characterization using a new 3D printed composite- structured split ring resonator microwave sensorMadan Kumar Sharma0Nadir Kamal Salih Idries1Abdullah Said Alkalbani2Degala Satyanarayana3Gopal Rathinam4Ankit Sharma5Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of BuraimiDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of BuraimiDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of BuraimiDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of BuraimiDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of BuraimiDepartment of ECE, Galgotias College of Engineering and TechnologyAbstract The identification of minerals is crucial for optimizing economic and environmental strategies worldwide. This study presents a novel approach to mineral identification and characterization using microwave sensing technology. The method is specifically designed to identify and characterize copper, chromite, and limestone within Oman’s geological landscape. A 3D-printed, composite-structured Split-Ring Resonator (SRR) Microwave Sensor (MW-sensor) is developed and validated. The sensor, constructed on a 40 mm × 100 mm Roger5880 substrate, incorporates a square-shaped SRR structure positioned between two hexagonal-shaped SRR structures. The sensor is offered multi-resonating points at the frequency (2 GHz, 4.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz) over a wide frequency range 2–10 GHz. The fabricated prototype demonstrated strong alignment with simulation studies. Experiments were conducted on both ideal and mining samples, revealing high sensitivity for copper (75.9%), chromite (75%), and limestone (77.44%). The SRR structures of the sensor exhibit a strong electric-field distribution, which is significantly influenced by the sample being tested. Correlation analysis of reflection results indicated a close match between ideal and mining samples, with maximum correlation coefficients of 0.857 for copper and 0.695 for chromite at 20% Wt./Vol., and 0.792 for limestone at 10% Wt./Vol. These results underscore the potential of the proposed MW-sensor as a cost-effective alternative to existing mineral detection technologies.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07286-6Microwave sensing technologyReflection analysisCorrelation analysisSensitivity assessmentSRR |
| spellingShingle | Madan Kumar Sharma Nadir Kamal Salih Idries Abdullah Said Alkalbani Degala Satyanarayana Gopal Rathinam Ankit Sharma Minerals identification and characterization using a new 3D printed composite- structured split ring resonator microwave sensor Discover Applied Sciences Microwave sensing technology Reflection analysis Correlation analysis Sensitivity assessment SRR |
| title | Minerals identification and characterization using a new 3D printed composite- structured split ring resonator microwave sensor |
| title_full | Minerals identification and characterization using a new 3D printed composite- structured split ring resonator microwave sensor |
| title_fullStr | Minerals identification and characterization using a new 3D printed composite- structured split ring resonator microwave sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Minerals identification and characterization using a new 3D printed composite- structured split ring resonator microwave sensor |
| title_short | Minerals identification and characterization using a new 3D printed composite- structured split ring resonator microwave sensor |
| title_sort | minerals identification and characterization using a new 3d printed composite structured split ring resonator microwave sensor |
| topic | Microwave sensing technology Reflection analysis Correlation analysis Sensitivity assessment SRR |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07286-6 |
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