Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification
The prevalence of hemorrhagic diseases of the central nervous system of dogs and cats is low compared to other diseases such as neoplasia and inflammation. However, the clinical consequences can be devastating. Several etiological and localization-based classification systems have been reported for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1460568/full |
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| author | Koen M. Santifort Koen M. Santifort Simon Platt |
| author_facet | Koen M. Santifort Koen M. Santifort Simon Platt |
| author_sort | Koen M. Santifort |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of hemorrhagic diseases of the central nervous system of dogs and cats is low compared to other diseases such as neoplasia and inflammation. However, the clinical consequences can be devastating. Several etiological and localization-based classification systems have been reported for intracerebral and spinal cord hemorrhage or hematomyelia in humans but similar systems do not exist in veterinary medicine. The authors propose an etiologic classification system for both intraparenchymal hemorrhagic encephalopathy and myelopathy following a review of the literature detailing the presentation, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of these diseases. A summary of the investigative and therapeutic approach to these cases is also provided. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5fb0bde88d454a8a823ce9dd95b6f09b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-5fb0bde88d454a8a823ce9dd95b6f09b2025-08-20T02:11:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-10-011110.3389/fvets.2024.14605681460568Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classificationKoen M. Santifort0Koen M. Santifort1Simon Platt2IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, NetherlandsIVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, NetherlandsVet Oracle Teleradiology, Norfolk, United KingdomThe prevalence of hemorrhagic diseases of the central nervous system of dogs and cats is low compared to other diseases such as neoplasia and inflammation. However, the clinical consequences can be devastating. Several etiological and localization-based classification systems have been reported for intracerebral and spinal cord hemorrhage or hematomyelia in humans but similar systems do not exist in veterinary medicine. The authors propose an etiologic classification system for both intraparenchymal hemorrhagic encephalopathy and myelopathy following a review of the literature detailing the presentation, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of these diseases. A summary of the investigative and therapeutic approach to these cases is also provided.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1460568/fullhemorrhagic infarcthematomyeliavascular malformationT2* gradient echosusceptibility-weighted imaging |
| spellingShingle | Koen M. Santifort Koen M. Santifort Simon Platt Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification Frontiers in Veterinary Science hemorrhagic infarct hematomyelia vascular malformation T2* gradient echo susceptibility-weighted imaging |
| title | Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification |
| title_full | Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification |
| title_fullStr | Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification |
| title_short | Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification |
| title_sort | hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats a focus on classification |
| topic | hemorrhagic infarct hematomyelia vascular malformation T2* gradient echo susceptibility-weighted imaging |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1460568/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT koenmsantifort hemorrhagicencephalopathiesandmyelopathiesindogsandcatsafocusonclassification AT koenmsantifort hemorrhagicencephalopathiesandmyelopathiesindogsandcatsafocusonclassification AT simonplatt hemorrhagicencephalopathiesandmyelopathiesindogsandcatsafocusonclassification |