Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification

The prevalence of hemorrhagic diseases of the central nervous system of dogs and cats is low compared to other diseases such as neoplasia and inflammation. However, the clinical consequences can be devastating. Several etiological and localization-based classification systems have been reported for...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Koen M. Santifort, Simon Platt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1460568/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850201549129646080
author Koen M. Santifort
Koen M. Santifort
Simon Platt
author_facet Koen M. Santifort
Koen M. Santifort
Simon Platt
author_sort Koen M. Santifort
collection DOAJ
description The prevalence of hemorrhagic diseases of the central nervous system of dogs and cats is low compared to other diseases such as neoplasia and inflammation. However, the clinical consequences can be devastating. Several etiological and localization-based classification systems have been reported for intracerebral and spinal cord hemorrhage or hematomyelia in humans but similar systems do not exist in veterinary medicine. The authors propose an etiologic classification system for both intraparenchymal hemorrhagic encephalopathy and myelopathy following a review of the literature detailing the presentation, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of these diseases. A summary of the investigative and therapeutic approach to these cases is also provided.
format Article
id doaj-art-5fb0bde88d454a8a823ce9dd95b6f09b
institution OA Journals
issn 2297-1769
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Veterinary Science
spelling doaj-art-5fb0bde88d454a8a823ce9dd95b6f09b2025-08-20T02:11:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-10-011110.3389/fvets.2024.14605681460568Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classificationKoen M. Santifort0Koen M. Santifort1Simon Platt2IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, NetherlandsIVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, NetherlandsVet Oracle Teleradiology, Norfolk, United KingdomThe prevalence of hemorrhagic diseases of the central nervous system of dogs and cats is low compared to other diseases such as neoplasia and inflammation. However, the clinical consequences can be devastating. Several etiological and localization-based classification systems have been reported for intracerebral and spinal cord hemorrhage or hematomyelia in humans but similar systems do not exist in veterinary medicine. The authors propose an etiologic classification system for both intraparenchymal hemorrhagic encephalopathy and myelopathy following a review of the literature detailing the presentation, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of these diseases. A summary of the investigative and therapeutic approach to these cases is also provided.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1460568/fullhemorrhagic infarcthematomyeliavascular malformationT2* gradient echosusceptibility-weighted imaging
spellingShingle Koen M. Santifort
Koen M. Santifort
Simon Platt
Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
hemorrhagic infarct
hematomyelia
vascular malformation
T2* gradient echo
susceptibility-weighted imaging
title Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification
title_full Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification
title_fullStr Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification
title_full_unstemmed Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification
title_short Hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats: a focus on classification
title_sort hemorrhagic encephalopathies and myelopathies in dogs and cats a focus on classification
topic hemorrhagic infarct
hematomyelia
vascular malformation
T2* gradient echo
susceptibility-weighted imaging
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1460568/full
work_keys_str_mv AT koenmsantifort hemorrhagicencephalopathiesandmyelopathiesindogsandcatsafocusonclassification
AT koenmsantifort hemorrhagicencephalopathiesandmyelopathiesindogsandcatsafocusonclassification
AT simonplatt hemorrhagicencephalopathiesandmyelopathiesindogsandcatsafocusonclassification