A Comparison of Food and Non-Food Enrichment with Zoo-Housed African Lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>)

Ongoing research on the effectiveness of enrichment at the species, group, and individual levels is beneficial to our growing understanding of animal welfare and behaviour for animals housed in human care. Diversifying the enrichment opportunities offered to animals in facilities such as zoos and aq...

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Main Authors: Peggy Cremers, Max Norman, Sabrina Brando, Eduardo J. Fernandez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5636/6/2/25
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author Peggy Cremers
Max Norman
Sabrina Brando
Eduardo J. Fernandez
author_facet Peggy Cremers
Max Norman
Sabrina Brando
Eduardo J. Fernandez
author_sort Peggy Cremers
collection DOAJ
description Ongoing research on the effectiveness of enrichment at the species, group, and individual levels is beneficial to our growing understanding of animal welfare and behaviour for animals housed in human care. Diversifying the enrichment opportunities offered to animals in facilities such as zoos and aquariums helps to encourage a wide repertoire of species-typical, naturalistic, and rewarding behaviours. The present study aimed to examine the behavioural impact of novel food (ice blocks, gelatine, eggs) and non-food (lavender, clean sheets, mirrors) enrichment strategies on two zoo-housed prides of African lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>) housed in a rotation-based enclosure system at Orana Wildlife Park, New Zealand. The results of the study indicate that, while both forms of enrichment had a behavioural impact, the effects on behaviour varied with the type of enrichment used, both between and within the two categories. Different enrichment strategies varied in their impacts on resting behaviour, locomotion, and exploration levels in the lions. An increased focus on the specific behavioural outcomes of various novel enrichment strategies is essential to expand the efficacy of enrichment programs for future efforts to improve the wellbeing of zoo-housed animals.
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spelling doaj-art-5fa30c2d169f4a8a84cc5cdef36d356d2025-08-20T02:21:03ZengMDPI AGJournal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens2673-56362025-04-01622510.3390/jzbg6020025A Comparison of Food and Non-Food Enrichment with Zoo-Housed African Lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>)Peggy Cremers0Max Norman1Sabrina Brando2Eduardo J. Fernandez3Animal Management, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, 8934 CJ Leeuwarden, The NetherlandsSchool of Animal Management and Saddlery, Capel Manor College, London EN1 4RQ, UKAnimalConcepts, 03725 Teulad, SpainSchool of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, AustraliaOngoing research on the effectiveness of enrichment at the species, group, and individual levels is beneficial to our growing understanding of animal welfare and behaviour for animals housed in human care. Diversifying the enrichment opportunities offered to animals in facilities such as zoos and aquariums helps to encourage a wide repertoire of species-typical, naturalistic, and rewarding behaviours. The present study aimed to examine the behavioural impact of novel food (ice blocks, gelatine, eggs) and non-food (lavender, clean sheets, mirrors) enrichment strategies on two zoo-housed prides of African lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>) housed in a rotation-based enclosure system at Orana Wildlife Park, New Zealand. The results of the study indicate that, while both forms of enrichment had a behavioural impact, the effects on behaviour varied with the type of enrichment used, both between and within the two categories. Different enrichment strategies varied in their impacts on resting behaviour, locomotion, and exploration levels in the lions. An increased focus on the specific behavioural outcomes of various novel enrichment strategies is essential to expand the efficacy of enrichment programs for future efforts to improve the wellbeing of zoo-housed animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5636/6/2/25enrichmentlionswelfarezoosfood
spellingShingle Peggy Cremers
Max Norman
Sabrina Brando
Eduardo J. Fernandez
A Comparison of Food and Non-Food Enrichment with Zoo-Housed African Lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>)
Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens
enrichment
lions
welfare
zoos
food
title A Comparison of Food and Non-Food Enrichment with Zoo-Housed African Lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>)
title_full A Comparison of Food and Non-Food Enrichment with Zoo-Housed African Lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>)
title_fullStr A Comparison of Food and Non-Food Enrichment with Zoo-Housed African Lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>)
title_full_unstemmed A Comparison of Food and Non-Food Enrichment with Zoo-Housed African Lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>)
title_short A Comparison of Food and Non-Food Enrichment with Zoo-Housed African Lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>)
title_sort comparison of food and non food enrichment with zoo housed african lions i panthera leo i
topic enrichment
lions
welfare
zoos
food
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5636/6/2/25
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