Which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction?
Background: Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) is a surgical option for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, particularly involving the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. In this procedure, the torn infraspinatus is not repaired or reconstructed. However, an improvement in postoperative externa...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| author | Nattakorn Mahasupachai, MD Nobuyuki Yamamoto, MD, PhD Atsushi Arino, MD Jun Kawakami, MD, PhD Rei Kimura, MD Toshimi Aizawa, MD, PhD |
| author_facet | Nattakorn Mahasupachai, MD Nobuyuki Yamamoto, MD, PhD Atsushi Arino, MD Jun Kawakami, MD, PhD Rei Kimura, MD Toshimi Aizawa, MD, PhD |
| author_sort | Nattakorn Mahasupachai, MD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) is a surgical option for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, particularly involving the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. In this procedure, the torn infraspinatus is not repaired or reconstructed. However, an improvement in postoperative external rotation (ER) angle and strength is observed. There is a lack of studies explaining how ER is restored after SCR. The aim of this study is to identify the ER compensator by assessing the muscle volume of the posterior deltoid and teres minor. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with massive rotator cuff tears underwent SCR during 2016-2021. Of these patients, 28 who met the following inclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed: (1) massive rotator cuff tears, including the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, (2) severe muscle atrophy and fatty change, (3) intact or reparable subscapularis tendon, and (4) Hamada of grade 3 or lower. Posterior deltoid and teres minor volume were measured using open-source medical image processing software preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. The percentage of the posterior deltoid and teres minor muscle volume change was compared between patients with 1-year postoperative ER manual muscle testing (MMT) of grade 5 and of grade < 5. The relationship between grade of fatty change, percentage of the muscle volume change, and ER angle and strength were evaluated. Results: There was a significant increase in the 1-year postoperative teres minor volume compared with the preoperative volume (24.6 ± 10.3 cm³ vs. 20.9 ± 8.3 cm³, P < .000), while the posterior deltoid volume remained unchanged (178.1 ± 48.3 cm³ vs. 178.8 ± 47 cm³). Patients with ER MMT of grade 5 had a greater teres minor volume change compared to those with an ER MMT grade of less than 5 (22.3% vs. 9.4%), although this difference was not significant (P = .074, 95% CI = −1.3 to 27.0). The posterior deltoid volume showed no significant change. The percentage of teres minor volume change had a weak positive correlation with ER strength (r = 0.308, P = .055, 95% CI = −0.02 to 1.0). There was a significant negative correlation between ER strength and the severity of both preoperative and postoperative fatty changes in the teres minor (r = −0.258, P = .065, 95% CI = −1.0 to −0.042 and r = −0.323, P = .028, 95% CI = −1.0 to −0.113, respectively). The pre and postoperative fatty changes in the teres minor were negatively correlated with the percentage of teres minor volume change (r = −0.298, P = .062, 95% CI = −1.0 to 0.031 and r = −0.413, P = .015, 95% CI = −1.0 to −0.1, respectively). Conclusion: The teres minor may serve as a potential compensator for ER in patients with massive rotator cuff tears following SCR. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5f9eff402bd1412898e43a6428d3e64d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-6383 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JSES International |
| spelling | doaj-art-5f9eff402bd1412898e43a6428d3e64d2025-01-12T05:26:03ZengElsevierJSES International2666-63832025-01-0191123129Which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction?Nattakorn Mahasupachai, MD0Nobuyuki Yamamoto, MD, PhD1Atsushi Arino, MD2Jun Kawakami, MD, PhD3Rei Kimura, MD4Toshimi Aizawa, MD, PhD5Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, ThailandDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Corresponding author: Nobuyuki Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, JapanBackground: Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) is a surgical option for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, particularly involving the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. In this procedure, the torn infraspinatus is not repaired or reconstructed. However, an improvement in postoperative external rotation (ER) angle and strength is observed. There is a lack of studies explaining how ER is restored after SCR. The aim of this study is to identify the ER compensator by assessing the muscle volume of the posterior deltoid and teres minor. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with massive rotator cuff tears underwent SCR during 2016-2021. Of these patients, 28 who met the following inclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed: (1) massive rotator cuff tears, including the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, (2) severe muscle atrophy and fatty change, (3) intact or reparable subscapularis tendon, and (4) Hamada of grade 3 or lower. Posterior deltoid and teres minor volume were measured using open-source medical image processing software preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. The percentage of the posterior deltoid and teres minor muscle volume change was compared between patients with 1-year postoperative ER manual muscle testing (MMT) of grade 5 and of grade < 5. The relationship between grade of fatty change, percentage of the muscle volume change, and ER angle and strength were evaluated. Results: There was a significant increase in the 1-year postoperative teres minor volume compared with the preoperative volume (24.6 ± 10.3 cm³ vs. 20.9 ± 8.3 cm³, P < .000), while the posterior deltoid volume remained unchanged (178.1 ± 48.3 cm³ vs. 178.8 ± 47 cm³). Patients with ER MMT of grade 5 had a greater teres minor volume change compared to those with an ER MMT grade of less than 5 (22.3% vs. 9.4%), although this difference was not significant (P = .074, 95% CI = −1.3 to 27.0). The posterior deltoid volume showed no significant change. The percentage of teres minor volume change had a weak positive correlation with ER strength (r = 0.308, P = .055, 95% CI = −0.02 to 1.0). There was a significant negative correlation between ER strength and the severity of both preoperative and postoperative fatty changes in the teres minor (r = −0.258, P = .065, 95% CI = −1.0 to −0.042 and r = −0.323, P = .028, 95% CI = −1.0 to −0.113, respectively). The pre and postoperative fatty changes in the teres minor were negatively correlated with the percentage of teres minor volume change (r = −0.298, P = .062, 95% CI = −1.0 to 0.031 and r = −0.413, P = .015, 95% CI = −1.0 to −0.1, respectively). Conclusion: The teres minor may serve as a potential compensator for ER in patients with massive rotator cuff tears following SCR.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666638324004079Massive irreparable rotator cuff tearSuperior capsular reconstructionExternal rotation compensatorPosterior deltoidTeres minorMuscle volume study |
| spellingShingle | Nattakorn Mahasupachai, MD Nobuyuki Yamamoto, MD, PhD Atsushi Arino, MD Jun Kawakami, MD, PhD Rei Kimura, MD Toshimi Aizawa, MD, PhD Which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction? JSES International Massive irreparable rotator cuff tear Superior capsular reconstruction External rotation compensator Posterior deltoid Teres minor Muscle volume study |
| title | Which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction? |
| title_full | Which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction? |
| title_fullStr | Which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction? |
| title_short | Which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction? |
| title_sort | which muscle is the external rotation compensator after superior capsular reconstruction |
| topic | Massive irreparable rotator cuff tear Superior capsular reconstruction External rotation compensator Posterior deltoid Teres minor Muscle volume study |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666638324004079 |
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