Interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potential

Abstract The nonlinear response of the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) to solar wind driving electric field is a well‐known phenomenon. The reasons behind this saturation, however, are still under debate. We have performed a statistical study of the coupling efficiency between the solar wind and th...

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Main Authors: M. Myllys, E. K. J. Kipua, B. Lavraud
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-04-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072676
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author M. Myllys
E. K. J. Kipua
B. Lavraud
author_facet M. Myllys
E. K. J. Kipua
B. Lavraud
author_sort M. Myllys
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The nonlinear response of the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) to solar wind driving electric field is a well‐known phenomenon. The reasons behind this saturation, however, are still under debate. We have performed a statistical study of the coupling efficiency between the solar wind and the northern polar cap index (PCN). PCN is used as a proxy for the CPCP. Our main focus is in quantifying how the solar wind dynamic pressure alters the efficiency. We show that the saturation of PCN occurs both during low and moderate upstream MA conditions. We also show that the increasing dynamic pressure is associated with increasing PCN. In addition, we find that the coupling is different depending on which parameter, the velocity or the magnetic field, increases the solar wind driving electric field: the higher the velocity the higher the coupling efficiency.
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publishDate 2017-04-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-5f9834bd0ea54d65bb6960c1afd7d9ed2025-08-20T02:31:41ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072017-04-014473019302710.1002/2017GL072676Interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potentialM. Myllys0E. K. J. Kipua1B. Lavraud2Department of Physics University of Helsinki Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Physics University of Helsinki Helsinki FinlandInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie Toulouse FranceAbstract The nonlinear response of the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) to solar wind driving electric field is a well‐known phenomenon. The reasons behind this saturation, however, are still under debate. We have performed a statistical study of the coupling efficiency between the solar wind and the northern polar cap index (PCN). PCN is used as a proxy for the CPCP. Our main focus is in quantifying how the solar wind dynamic pressure alters the efficiency. We show that the saturation of PCN occurs both during low and moderate upstream MA conditions. We also show that the increasing dynamic pressure is associated with increasing PCN. In addition, we find that the coupling is different depending on which parameter, the velocity or the magnetic field, increases the solar wind driving electric field: the higher the velocity the higher the coupling efficiency.https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072676polar cap saturationpolar cap indexcoupling efficiency
spellingShingle M. Myllys
E. K. J. Kipua
B. Lavraud
Interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potential
Geophysical Research Letters
polar cap saturation
polar cap index
coupling efficiency
title Interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potential
title_full Interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potential
title_fullStr Interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potential
title_full_unstemmed Interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potential
title_short Interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potential
title_sort interplay of solar wind parameters and physical mechanisms producing the saturation of the cross polar cap potential
topic polar cap saturation
polar cap index
coupling efficiency
url https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072676
work_keys_str_mv AT mmyllys interplayofsolarwindparametersandphysicalmechanismsproducingthesaturationofthecrosspolarcappotential
AT ekjkipua interplayofsolarwindparametersandphysicalmechanismsproducingthesaturationofthecrosspolarcappotential
AT blavraud interplayofsolarwindparametersandphysicalmechanismsproducingthesaturationofthecrosspolarcappotential