Quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holes

Abstract Unlike a classical charged bosonic field, a classical charged fermion field on a static charged black hole does not exhibit superradiant scattering. We demonstrate that the quantum analogue of this classical process is however present. We construct a vacuum state for the fermion field which...

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Main Authors: Álvaro Álvarez-Domínguez, Elizabeth Winstanley
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)118
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author Álvaro Álvarez-Domínguez
Elizabeth Winstanley
author_facet Álvaro Álvarez-Domínguez
Elizabeth Winstanley
author_sort Álvaro Álvarez-Domínguez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Unlike a classical charged bosonic field, a classical charged fermion field on a static charged black hole does not exhibit superradiant scattering. We demonstrate that the quantum analogue of this classical process is however present. We construct a vacuum state for the fermion field which has no incoming particles from past null infinity, but which contains, at future null infinity, a nonthermal flux of particles. This state describes both the discharge and energy loss of the black hole, and we analyze how the interpretation of this phenomenon depends on the ambiguities inherent in defining the quantum vacuum.
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spelling doaj-art-5f8b658efd4f440b93a1ee8fd7e93e4a2025-08-20T02:30:49ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-05-012025512210.1007/JHEP05(2025)118Quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holesÁlvaro Álvarez-Domínguez0Elizabeth Winstanley1Departamento de Física Teórica and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de MadridSchool of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of SheffieldAbstract Unlike a classical charged bosonic field, a classical charged fermion field on a static charged black hole does not exhibit superradiant scattering. We demonstrate that the quantum analogue of this classical process is however present. We construct a vacuum state for the fermion field which has no incoming particles from past null infinity, but which contains, at future null infinity, a nonthermal flux of particles. This state describes both the discharge and energy loss of the black hole, and we analyze how the interpretation of this phenomenon depends on the ambiguities inherent in defining the quantum vacuum.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)118Black HolesNonperturbative Effects
spellingShingle Álvaro Álvarez-Domínguez
Elizabeth Winstanley
Quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holes
Journal of High Energy Physics
Black Holes
Nonperturbative Effects
title Quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holes
title_full Quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holes
title_fullStr Quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holes
title_full_unstemmed Quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holes
title_short Quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holes
title_sort quantum fermion superradiance and vacuum ambiguities on charged black holes
topic Black Holes
Nonperturbative Effects
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)118
work_keys_str_mv AT alvaroalvarezdominguez quantumfermionsuperradianceandvacuumambiguitiesonchargedblackholes
AT elizabethwinstanley quantumfermionsuperradianceandvacuumambiguitiesonchargedblackholes