Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA
Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) at the Tar Creek superfund site in northeast Oklahoma, United States, remains a threat to the environment and local ecosystem. Phytoremediation with industrial hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) and the use of biochar (BC) have b...
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2024-11-01
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| Series: | Soil Systems |
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| author | Dietrich V. Thurston Kristofor R. Brye David M. Miller Philip A. Moore Donald M. Johnson Mike Richardson |
| author_facet | Dietrich V. Thurston Kristofor R. Brye David M. Miller Philip A. Moore Donald M. Johnson Mike Richardson |
| author_sort | Dietrich V. Thurston |
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| description | Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) at the Tar Creek superfund site in northeast Oklahoma, United States, remains a threat to the environment and local ecosystem. Phytoremediation with industrial hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) and the use of biochar (BC) have been independently shown to be effective methods to remediate heavy-metal-contaminated soils. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the effects of industrial hemp cultivar (‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’), biochar rate (0, 2, 5, and 10% by volume), soil contamination level (low, medium, and high), and their interactions on above- (AG) and belowground dry matter (DM) and AG tissue concentrations, as well as uptakes of Cd, Pb, and Zn after 90 days of growth in naturally contaminated soils from the Tar Creek superfund site. Aboveground DM was the largest (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in the low- (0.06 g cm<sup>−2</sup>) and smallest in the high-contaminated soil (0.03 g cm<sup>−2</sup>), and was unaffected (<i>p</i> > 0.05) by cultivar or BC rate. Averaged across BC rates, AG tissue Pb and Zn concentrations from the high-’Carmagnola’ and -’Jinma’ combinations were at least 2.4 times greater than from the other four soil–cultivar combinations. Averaged across cultivars, AG tissue Pb uptake in the high-5 and high-10% BC combinations were at least 2.7 times greater than in the high-0 and high-5% BC combinations, which did not differ. The results indicated that both ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’ may be suitable choices for phytoremediation of mixed Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soil when grown in combination with 5 or 10% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) BC. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Soil Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-5f78d9654b7547a38082e2daa5f489c72024-12-27T14:54:17ZengMDPI AGSoil Systems2571-87892024-11-018411410.3390/soilsystems8040114Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USADietrich V. Thurston0Kristofor R. Brye1David M. Miller2Philip A. Moore3Donald M. Johnson4Mike Richardson5Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Agricultural Education, Communications and Technology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USASoil contamination by cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) at the Tar Creek superfund site in northeast Oklahoma, United States, remains a threat to the environment and local ecosystem. Phytoremediation with industrial hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) and the use of biochar (BC) have been independently shown to be effective methods to remediate heavy-metal-contaminated soils. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the effects of industrial hemp cultivar (‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’), biochar rate (0, 2, 5, and 10% by volume), soil contamination level (low, medium, and high), and their interactions on above- (AG) and belowground dry matter (DM) and AG tissue concentrations, as well as uptakes of Cd, Pb, and Zn after 90 days of growth in naturally contaminated soils from the Tar Creek superfund site. Aboveground DM was the largest (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in the low- (0.06 g cm<sup>−2</sup>) and smallest in the high-contaminated soil (0.03 g cm<sup>−2</sup>), and was unaffected (<i>p</i> > 0.05) by cultivar or BC rate. Averaged across BC rates, AG tissue Pb and Zn concentrations from the high-’Carmagnola’ and -’Jinma’ combinations were at least 2.4 times greater than from the other four soil–cultivar combinations. Averaged across cultivars, AG tissue Pb uptake in the high-5 and high-10% BC combinations were at least 2.7 times greater than in the high-0 and high-5% BC combinations, which did not differ. The results indicated that both ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’ may be suitable choices for phytoremediation of mixed Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soil when grown in combination with 5 or 10% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) BC.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/8/4/114biocharheavy metalssoil contaminationphytoremediation |
| spellingShingle | Dietrich V. Thurston Kristofor R. Brye David M. Miller Philip A. Moore Donald M. Johnson Mike Richardson Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA Soil Systems biochar heavy metals soil contamination phytoremediation |
| title | Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA |
| title_full | Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA |
| title_short | Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA |
| title_sort | evaluation of industrial hemp cultivar and biochar rate to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil from the tar creek superfund site usa |
| topic | biochar heavy metals soil contamination phytoremediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/8/4/114 |
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