Integrating hydrological impacts for cost-effective dryland ecological restoration

Abstract Ecological restoration of fragile drylands involves complex benefit-cost trade-offs. While Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) provides a foundational framework for this task, its large-scale application in drylands often fails to adequately integrate critical hydrological impacts, notab...

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Main Authors: Fengyu Fu, Shuai Wang, Xutong Wu, Shiyin Chen, Zimin Tan, ChongChong Ye, José M. Grünzweig
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02649-8
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author Fengyu Fu
Shuai Wang
Xutong Wu
Shiyin Chen
Zimin Tan
ChongChong Ye
José M. Grünzweig
author_facet Fengyu Fu
Shuai Wang
Xutong Wu
Shiyin Chen
Zimin Tan
ChongChong Ye
José M. Grünzweig
author_sort Fengyu Fu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ecological restoration of fragile drylands involves complex benefit-cost trade-offs. While Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) provides a foundational framework for this task, its large-scale application in drylands often fails to adequately integrate critical hydrological impacts, notably ecosystem water consumption. Here, we developed and applied an integrated SCP framework to optimize spatial prioritization for ecological restoration in China’s drylands. This framework explicitly integrates water cost, calculated as increased ecosystem evapotranspiration via the Budyko model, and economic costs based on statistical data. It also assessed benefits, including habitat increases for 3,005 species and enhanced biomass carbon sequestration. Our proposed integrated pathway minimizes water cost while ensuring cost-effectiveness, on average, achieving 81.0% of the maximum potential biomass carbon sequestration and 88.1% of the maximum potential habitat area increases. Compared to scenarios focusing solely on economic costs, this approach reduces the average cumulative water cost by 27.0% and the maximum cumulative water cost by 91.1%. This stark contrast demonstrates that focusing on economics alone leads to misaligned spatial restoration priorities, underscoring the necessity of integrating ecosystem water consumption into dryland SCP. Our findings not only establishe a decision-making foundation for China but also offer a generalizable multi-criteria framework for cost-effective dryland restoration worldwide.
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issn 2662-4435
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spelling doaj-art-5f78ad119afe484ba078d9f8083d9eb42025-08-20T03:46:16ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-08-016111210.1038/s43247-025-02649-8Integrating hydrological impacts for cost-effective dryland ecological restorationFengyu Fu0Shuai Wang1Xutong Wu2Shiyin Chen3Zimin Tan4ChongChong Ye5José M. Grünzweig6State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal UniversityState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal UniversityInstitute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of JerusalemAbstract Ecological restoration of fragile drylands involves complex benefit-cost trade-offs. While Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) provides a foundational framework for this task, its large-scale application in drylands often fails to adequately integrate critical hydrological impacts, notably ecosystem water consumption. Here, we developed and applied an integrated SCP framework to optimize spatial prioritization for ecological restoration in China’s drylands. This framework explicitly integrates water cost, calculated as increased ecosystem evapotranspiration via the Budyko model, and economic costs based on statistical data. It also assessed benefits, including habitat increases for 3,005 species and enhanced biomass carbon sequestration. Our proposed integrated pathway minimizes water cost while ensuring cost-effectiveness, on average, achieving 81.0% of the maximum potential biomass carbon sequestration and 88.1% of the maximum potential habitat area increases. Compared to scenarios focusing solely on economic costs, this approach reduces the average cumulative water cost by 27.0% and the maximum cumulative water cost by 91.1%. This stark contrast demonstrates that focusing on economics alone leads to misaligned spatial restoration priorities, underscoring the necessity of integrating ecosystem water consumption into dryland SCP. Our findings not only establishe a decision-making foundation for China but also offer a generalizable multi-criteria framework for cost-effective dryland restoration worldwide.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02649-8
spellingShingle Fengyu Fu
Shuai Wang
Xutong Wu
Shiyin Chen
Zimin Tan
ChongChong Ye
José M. Grünzweig
Integrating hydrological impacts for cost-effective dryland ecological restoration
Communications Earth & Environment
title Integrating hydrological impacts for cost-effective dryland ecological restoration
title_full Integrating hydrological impacts for cost-effective dryland ecological restoration
title_fullStr Integrating hydrological impacts for cost-effective dryland ecological restoration
title_full_unstemmed Integrating hydrological impacts for cost-effective dryland ecological restoration
title_short Integrating hydrological impacts for cost-effective dryland ecological restoration
title_sort integrating hydrological impacts for cost effective dryland ecological restoration
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02649-8
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