Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal Thickness

Purpose: To investigate the agreement between the Goldmann tonometer (GAT), the air-puff tonometer, and the iCare tonometer in intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation as well as their association with central corneal thickness (CCT) in normal participants, glaucoma patients, and patients following ref...

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Main Authors: Sameh Saad Mandour, Ahmed Elframawy, Mohammad Moataz Murad, Sara Abd Elmegeed Nage
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2024-08-01
Series:Journal of Current Ophthalmology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/joco.joco_180_23
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author Sameh Saad Mandour
Ahmed Elframawy
Mohammad Moataz Murad
Sara Abd Elmegeed Nage
author_facet Sameh Saad Mandour
Ahmed Elframawy
Mohammad Moataz Murad
Sara Abd Elmegeed Nage
author_sort Sameh Saad Mandour
collection DOAJ
description Purpose: To investigate the agreement between the Goldmann tonometer (GAT), the air-puff tonometer, and the iCare tonometer in intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation as well as their association with central corneal thickness (CCT) in normal participants, glaucoma patients, and patients following refractive surgery. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 204 eyes from 102 patients. The study consisted of three equal groups: group I (control group, n = 34), group II (glaucoma patients on medication, n = 34), and group III (refractive surgery patients, n = 34). All patients were subjected to examination (complete ocular examination, refraction, and IOP measurement). Results: A total of 102 participants were included in the study with both genders distributed equally. The mean ± standard deviation age was 44.12 ± 12.8 years in the control group while it was 46.29 ± 13.24 years in the glaucoma group and 40.68 ± 15.86 years in the refractive surgery group. Overall, there was a high correlation between the three methods. The mean IOP measured by GAT was 14.03 ± 3.43. The mean IOP measured by iCare was 15.16 ± 3.46. The mean IOP measured by air-puff was 16.66 ± 3.6. The iCare showed the most significant agreement with the GAT (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.985, P > 0.05) and the mean difference in IOP between GAT and iCare was 1.1 (95% limits of agreement, −0.62–+2.85 mmHg). The mean difference in IOP between iCare and air-puff was 1.5 and it was 2.6 between GAT and air-puff. There were no significant differences in IOP measurements between GAT and iCare tonometer or between iCare tonometer and air-puff in all groups (P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in IOP measurements between GAT and air-puff in all groups (P < 0.001). The ICC between all studied methods was strong (ICC > 0.92 for all). Regarding CCT, the mean CCT was 517.14 ± 29.82 μm. There were significant positive correlations between increasing CCT and increasing IOP by GAT, iCare, and air-puff tonometer among the three groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the iCare tonometer, specifically the iCare PRO RT model, is a reliable and efficient alternative instrument for assessing IOP. The IOP values obtained with the iCare PRO RT were found to be consistent with those obtained using the air-puff and GAT.
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spelling doaj-art-5f71bbb5099248bc9f2264e2f53fec122025-08-20T02:09:48ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Current Ophthalmology2452-23252024-08-0135432633110.4103/joco.joco_180_23Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal ThicknessSameh Saad MandourAhmed ElframawyMohammad Moataz MuradSara Abd Elmegeed NagePurpose: To investigate the agreement between the Goldmann tonometer (GAT), the air-puff tonometer, and the iCare tonometer in intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation as well as their association with central corneal thickness (CCT) in normal participants, glaucoma patients, and patients following refractive surgery. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 204 eyes from 102 patients. The study consisted of three equal groups: group I (control group, n = 34), group II (glaucoma patients on medication, n = 34), and group III (refractive surgery patients, n = 34). All patients were subjected to examination (complete ocular examination, refraction, and IOP measurement). Results: A total of 102 participants were included in the study with both genders distributed equally. The mean ± standard deviation age was 44.12 ± 12.8 years in the control group while it was 46.29 ± 13.24 years in the glaucoma group and 40.68 ± 15.86 years in the refractive surgery group. Overall, there was a high correlation between the three methods. The mean IOP measured by GAT was 14.03 ± 3.43. The mean IOP measured by iCare was 15.16 ± 3.46. The mean IOP measured by air-puff was 16.66 ± 3.6. The iCare showed the most significant agreement with the GAT (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.985, P > 0.05) and the mean difference in IOP between GAT and iCare was 1.1 (95% limits of agreement, −0.62–+2.85 mmHg). The mean difference in IOP between iCare and air-puff was 1.5 and it was 2.6 between GAT and air-puff. There were no significant differences in IOP measurements between GAT and iCare tonometer or between iCare tonometer and air-puff in all groups (P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in IOP measurements between GAT and air-puff in all groups (P < 0.001). The ICC between all studied methods was strong (ICC > 0.92 for all). Regarding CCT, the mean CCT was 517.14 ± 29.82 μm. There were significant positive correlations between increasing CCT and increasing IOP by GAT, iCare, and air-puff tonometer among the three groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the iCare tonometer, specifically the iCare PRO RT model, is a reliable and efficient alternative instrument for assessing IOP. The IOP values obtained with the iCare PRO RT were found to be consistent with those obtained using the air-puff and GAT.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/joco.joco_180_23air-puff tonometerscentral corneal thicknessgoldmannicareintraocular pressure
spellingShingle Sameh Saad Mandour
Ahmed Elframawy
Mohammad Moataz Murad
Sara Abd Elmegeed Nage
Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal Thickness
Journal of Current Ophthalmology
air-puff tonometers
central corneal thickness
goldmann
icare
intraocular pressure
title Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal Thickness
title_full Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal Thickness
title_fullStr Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal Thickness
title_full_unstemmed Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal Thickness
title_short Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal Thickness
title_sort cross sectional study of differences between intraocular pressure measurements using goldmann icare and air puff tonometers and their correlation with central corneal thickness
topic air-puff tonometers
central corneal thickness
goldmann
icare
intraocular pressure
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/joco.joco_180_23
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