On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm
Abstract On 12 May 2021 the interplanetary doppelgänger of the 9 May 2021 coronal mass ejection impacted the Earth's magnetosphere, giving rise to a strong geomagnetic storm. This paper discusses the evolution of the various events linking the solar activity to the Earth's ionosphere with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW003016 |
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| author | M. Piersanti D. Del Moro A. Parmentier M. Martucci F. Palma A. Sotgiu C. Plainaki G. D’Angelo F. Berrilli D. Recchiuti E. Papini L. Giovannelli G. Napoletano R. Iuppa P. Diego A. Cicone M. Mergé C. De Donato C. De Santis R. Sparvoli P. Ubertini R. Battiston P. Picozza |
| author_facet | M. Piersanti D. Del Moro A. Parmentier M. Martucci F. Palma A. Sotgiu C. Plainaki G. D’Angelo F. Berrilli D. Recchiuti E. Papini L. Giovannelli G. Napoletano R. Iuppa P. Diego A. Cicone M. Mergé C. De Donato C. De Santis R. Sparvoli P. Ubertini R. Battiston P. Picozza |
| author_sort | M. Piersanti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract On 12 May 2021 the interplanetary doppelgänger of the 9 May 2021 coronal mass ejection impacted the Earth's magnetosphere, giving rise to a strong geomagnetic storm. This paper discusses the evolution of the various events linking the solar activity to the Earth's ionosphere with special focus on the effects observed in the circumterrestrial environment. We investigate the propagation of the interplanetary coronal mass ejection and its interaction with the magnetosphere—ionosphere system in terms of both magnetospheric current systems and particle redistribution, by jointly analyzing data from interplanetary, magnetospheric, and low Earth orbiting satellites. The principal magnetospheric current system activated during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm was correctly identified through the direct comparison between geosynchronous orbit observations and model predictions. From the particle point of view, we have found that the primary impact of the storm development is a net and rapid loss of relativistic electrons from the entire outer radiation belt. Our analysis shows no evidence for any short‐term recovery to pre‐storm levels during the days following the main phase. Storm effects also included a small Forbush decrease driven by the interplay between the interplanetary shock and subsequent magnetic cloud arrival. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5f6f5654ec07493fb7a584134330b9b0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-5f6f5654ec07493fb7a584134330b9b02025-01-14T16:27:09ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902022-06-01206n/an/a10.1029/2021SW003016On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling During the May 2021 Geomagnetic StormM. Piersanti0D. Del Moro1A. Parmentier2M. Martucci3F. Palma4A. Sotgiu5C. Plainaki6G. D’Angelo7F. Berrilli8D. Recchiuti9E. Papini10L. Giovannelli11G. Napoletano12R. Iuppa13P. Diego14A. Cicone15M. Mergé16C. De Donato17C. De Santis18R. Sparvoli19P. Ubertini20R. Battiston21P. Picozza22University of L’Aquila L’Aquila ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyNational Institute of Astrophysics‐IAPS Rome ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyItalian Space Agency Rome ItalyNational Institute of Astrophysics‐IAPS Rome ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyNational Institute of Astrophysics‐IAPS Rome ItalyNational Institute of Astrophysics‐IAPS Rome ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyUniversity of Trento Trento ItalyNational Institute of Astrophysics‐IAPS Rome ItalyUniversity of L’Aquila L’Aquila ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyINFN ‐ Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyINFN ‐ Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyNational Institute of Astrophysics‐IAPS Rome ItalyUniversity of Trento Trento ItalyUniversity of "Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome ItalyAbstract On 12 May 2021 the interplanetary doppelgänger of the 9 May 2021 coronal mass ejection impacted the Earth's magnetosphere, giving rise to a strong geomagnetic storm. This paper discusses the evolution of the various events linking the solar activity to the Earth's ionosphere with special focus on the effects observed in the circumterrestrial environment. We investigate the propagation of the interplanetary coronal mass ejection and its interaction with the magnetosphere—ionosphere system in terms of both magnetospheric current systems and particle redistribution, by jointly analyzing data from interplanetary, magnetospheric, and low Earth orbiting satellites. The principal magnetospheric current system activated during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm was correctly identified through the direct comparison between geosynchronous orbit observations and model predictions. From the particle point of view, we have found that the primary impact of the storm development is a net and rapid loss of relativistic electrons from the entire outer radiation belt. Our analysis shows no evidence for any short‐term recovery to pre‐storm levels during the days following the main phase. Storm effects also included a small Forbush decrease driven by the interplay between the interplanetary shock and subsequent magnetic cloud arrival.https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW003016coronal mass ejection propagationgeomagnetic stormmagnetospheric current systemsmagnetospheric particles distributionsolar windmagnetosphere |
| spellingShingle | M. Piersanti D. Del Moro A. Parmentier M. Martucci F. Palma A. Sotgiu C. Plainaki G. D’Angelo F. Berrilli D. Recchiuti E. Papini L. Giovannelli G. Napoletano R. Iuppa P. Diego A. Cicone M. Mergé C. De Donato C. De Santis R. Sparvoli P. Ubertini R. Battiston P. Picozza On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm Space Weather coronal mass ejection propagation geomagnetic storm magnetospheric current systems magnetospheric particles distribution solar wind magnetosphere |
| title | On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_full | On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_fullStr | On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_short | On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm |
| title_sort | on the magnetosphere ionosphere coupling during the may 2021 geomagnetic storm |
| topic | coronal mass ejection propagation geomagnetic storm magnetospheric current systems magnetospheric particles distribution solar wind magnetosphere |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW003016 |
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