Novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos
Development of the embryonic palate requires that the palatal shelves (PS), which extend from maxillary processes, to grow bilaterally and vertically alongside the tongue. This growth continues until embryonic day (E) 13.5, after which the PS elevate above the tongue and adhere, completing the proce...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1532448/full |
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| author | Jeremy P. Goering Michael Moedritzer Marta Stetsiv Dona Greta Isai Brittany M. Hufft-Martinez An J. Tran Zaid Umar Madison K. Rickabaugh Paul Keselman Munish Chauhan Pamela V. Tran William M. Brooks William M. Brooks Kenneth J. Fischer Andras Czirok Andras Czirok Irfan Saadi Irfan Saadi |
| author_facet | Jeremy P. Goering Michael Moedritzer Marta Stetsiv Dona Greta Isai Brittany M. Hufft-Martinez An J. Tran Zaid Umar Madison K. Rickabaugh Paul Keselman Munish Chauhan Pamela V. Tran William M. Brooks William M. Brooks Kenneth J. Fischer Andras Czirok Andras Czirok Irfan Saadi Irfan Saadi |
| author_sort | Jeremy P. Goering |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Development of the embryonic palate requires that the palatal shelves (PS), which extend from maxillary processes, to grow bilaterally and vertically alongside the tongue. This growth continues until embryonic day (E) 13.5, after which the PS elevate above the tongue and adhere, completing the process by E14.5. Current models indicate that this elevation process involves a complex vertical-to-horizontal PS reorientation. While earlier studies have implied that reorientation occurs rapidly, the precise timing has not been resolved. Time-restricted pregnancies with a 1-h resolution showed that in 97% of C57BL/6J embryos, the PS were unelevated at E14.0. However, 6 h later, at E14.25, the PS had completed elevation in 80% of embryos, indicating that the PS elevate in a rapid and constrained timeframe. Interestingly, all E14.25 embryos with unelevated PS (20%) were female, suggesting sex differences in C57BL/6J PS elevation. In FVB/NJ embryos, the elevation window started earlier (E13.875-E14.25), and without any sex differences. An intermediate stage with unilateral PS elevation was frequently observed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of various stages showed that PS elevation began with posterior bilateral bulges, which then progressed laterally and anteriorly over time. During elevation, we observed increased cell proliferation in the PS lingual region. Within the bulge, cell orientation was tilted towards the tongue, and actomyosin activity was increased, which together may participate in horizontal projection of the bulge. Thus, our data reveal novel insights into rapid dynamic changes during PS elevation, and lay the foundation for future studies of normal and abnormal palatogenesis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5f585132947d4f2889483017017cb96e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-5f585132947d4f2889483017017cb96e2025-02-11T06:59:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-02-011310.3389/fcell.2025.15324481532448Novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryosJeremy P. Goering0Michael Moedritzer1Marta Stetsiv2Dona Greta Isai3Brittany M. Hufft-Martinez4An J. Tran5Zaid Umar6Madison K. Rickabaugh7Paul Keselman8Munish Chauhan9Pamela V. Tran10William M. Brooks11William M. Brooks12Kenneth J. Fischer13Andras Czirok14Andras Czirok15Irfan Saadi16Irfan Saadi17Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesHoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesHoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesHoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesInstitute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDevelopment of the embryonic palate requires that the palatal shelves (PS), which extend from maxillary processes, to grow bilaterally and vertically alongside the tongue. This growth continues until embryonic day (E) 13.5, after which the PS elevate above the tongue and adhere, completing the process by E14.5. Current models indicate that this elevation process involves a complex vertical-to-horizontal PS reorientation. While earlier studies have implied that reorientation occurs rapidly, the precise timing has not been resolved. Time-restricted pregnancies with a 1-h resolution showed that in 97% of C57BL/6J embryos, the PS were unelevated at E14.0. However, 6 h later, at E14.25, the PS had completed elevation in 80% of embryos, indicating that the PS elevate in a rapid and constrained timeframe. Interestingly, all E14.25 embryos with unelevated PS (20%) were female, suggesting sex differences in C57BL/6J PS elevation. In FVB/NJ embryos, the elevation window started earlier (E13.875-E14.25), and without any sex differences. An intermediate stage with unilateral PS elevation was frequently observed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of various stages showed that PS elevation began with posterior bilateral bulges, which then progressed laterally and anteriorly over time. During elevation, we observed increased cell proliferation in the PS lingual region. Within the bulge, cell orientation was tilted towards the tongue, and actomyosin activity was increased, which together may participate in horizontal projection of the bulge. Thus, our data reveal novel insights into rapid dynamic changes during PS elevation, and lay the foundation for future studies of normal and abnormal palatogenesis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1532448/fullembryonic developmentpalatogenesispalatal shelf elevationcleft palateembryonic sex difference |
| spellingShingle | Jeremy P. Goering Michael Moedritzer Marta Stetsiv Dona Greta Isai Brittany M. Hufft-Martinez An J. Tran Zaid Umar Madison K. Rickabaugh Paul Keselman Munish Chauhan Pamela V. Tran William M. Brooks William M. Brooks Kenneth J. Fischer Andras Czirok Andras Czirok Irfan Saadi Irfan Saadi Novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology embryonic development palatogenesis palatal shelf elevation cleft palate embryonic sex difference |
| title | Novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos |
| title_full | Novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos |
| title_fullStr | Novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos |
| title_short | Novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos |
| title_sort | novel insights into palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos |
| topic | embryonic development palatogenesis palatal shelf elevation cleft palate embryonic sex difference |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1532448/full |
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