Advancements in Food Biofortification: Enhancing Nutrient Density to Combat Global Malnutrition

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies impact over two billion people globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, leading to severe health issues. Traditional interventions such as supplementation and dietary diversification face limitations, necessitating sustainable solutions like...

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Main Authors: Hafiza Zara Saeed, Musrat Shaheen, Burhan Khalid, Aftab Umar, Hina Anwar, Talha Riaz, Iqra Irfan, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf, Saira Batool
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Jinnah University for Women 2025-05-01
Series:RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Science
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Online Access:https://jbas.juw.edu.pk/index.php/JBAS/article/view/675
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author Hafiza Zara Saeed
Musrat Shaheen
Burhan Khalid
Aftab Umar
Hina Anwar
Talha Riaz
Iqra Irfan
Muhammad Atiq Ashraf
Saira Batool
author_facet Hafiza Zara Saeed
Musrat Shaheen
Burhan Khalid
Aftab Umar
Hina Anwar
Talha Riaz
Iqra Irfan
Muhammad Atiq Ashraf
Saira Batool
author_sort Hafiza Zara Saeed
collection DOAJ
description Background: Micronutrient deficiencies impact over two billion people globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, leading to severe health issues. Traditional interventions such as supplementation and dietary diversification face limitations, necessitating sustainable solutions like biofortification to enhance the nutritional content of staple crops. Objective: This review aims to synthesize advancements in biofortification techniques, including agronomic, conventional breeding, and genetic engineering approaches, to address micronutrient deficiencies while ensuring crop yield stability and consumer acceptability. Methods: A systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature from 2000 to 2024 focused on biofortification strategies for key crops such as vitamin A cassava, iron pearl millet, and zinc wheat. Data were evaluated for nutritional efficacy, scalability, and socioeconomic impacts. Results: Biofortified crops demonstrate significant efficacy: provitamin A maize improved serum retinol levels by 30% in deficient children, while iron-biofortified pearl millet increased hemoglobin concentrations by 15%. Agronomic techniques (e.g., foliar fertilization) and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing emerged as scalable solutions, though challenges like GMO regulations and farmer adoption persist. Conclusion: Bio fortification offers a cost-effective, sustainable strategy to combat malnutrition. Future success depends on interdisciplinary collaboration, policy harmonization, and community engagement to optimize crop nutrient profiles and ensure widespread adoption.
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publisher Jinnah University for Women
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spelling doaj-art-5f3400a5b0d94593b006f417ad999ef92025-08-20T02:24:43ZengJinnah University for WomenRADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Science2305-87222521-85732025-05-01152Advancements in Food Biofortification: Enhancing Nutrient Density to Combat Global MalnutritionHafiza Zara Saeed0Musrat Shaheen1Burhan Khalid2Aftab Umar3Hina Anwar4Talha Riaz5Iqra Irfan6Muhammad Atiq Ashraf7Saira Batool8Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan-430070, China. Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan-430070, China.Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan-430070, China.College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan-430070, China. Background: Micronutrient deficiencies impact over two billion people globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, leading to severe health issues. Traditional interventions such as supplementation and dietary diversification face limitations, necessitating sustainable solutions like biofortification to enhance the nutritional content of staple crops. Objective: This review aims to synthesize advancements in biofortification techniques, including agronomic, conventional breeding, and genetic engineering approaches, to address micronutrient deficiencies while ensuring crop yield stability and consumer acceptability. Methods: A systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature from 2000 to 2024 focused on biofortification strategies for key crops such as vitamin A cassava, iron pearl millet, and zinc wheat. Data were evaluated for nutritional efficacy, scalability, and socioeconomic impacts. Results: Biofortified crops demonstrate significant efficacy: provitamin A maize improved serum retinol levels by 30% in deficient children, while iron-biofortified pearl millet increased hemoglobin concentrations by 15%. Agronomic techniques (e.g., foliar fertilization) and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing emerged as scalable solutions, though challenges like GMO regulations and farmer adoption persist. Conclusion: Bio fortification offers a cost-effective, sustainable strategy to combat malnutrition. Future success depends on interdisciplinary collaboration, policy harmonization, and community engagement to optimize crop nutrient profiles and ensure widespread adoption. https://jbas.juw.edu.pk/index.php/JBAS/article/view/675Food bio-fortificationmicronutrientshealth benefitsconventional approachesbio-fortified crop
spellingShingle Hafiza Zara Saeed
Musrat Shaheen
Burhan Khalid
Aftab Umar
Hina Anwar
Talha Riaz
Iqra Irfan
Muhammad Atiq Ashraf
Saira Batool
Advancements in Food Biofortification: Enhancing Nutrient Density to Combat Global Malnutrition
RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Science
Food bio-fortification
micronutrients
health benefits
conventional approaches
bio-fortified crop
title Advancements in Food Biofortification: Enhancing Nutrient Density to Combat Global Malnutrition
title_full Advancements in Food Biofortification: Enhancing Nutrient Density to Combat Global Malnutrition
title_fullStr Advancements in Food Biofortification: Enhancing Nutrient Density to Combat Global Malnutrition
title_full_unstemmed Advancements in Food Biofortification: Enhancing Nutrient Density to Combat Global Malnutrition
title_short Advancements in Food Biofortification: Enhancing Nutrient Density to Combat Global Malnutrition
title_sort advancements in food biofortification enhancing nutrient density to combat global malnutrition
topic Food bio-fortification
micronutrients
health benefits
conventional approaches
bio-fortified crop
url https://jbas.juw.edu.pk/index.php/JBAS/article/view/675
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