Comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters and astacene on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. This study compared the efficacy and mechanisms of astaxanthin (AX), astaxanthin esters (AXE), and astacene (AC) in ameliorating high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. The three supplements...

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Main Authors: Chunhao Gao, Fangtian Chen, Nengyun Gong, Shiran Hu, Mengjia Zhu, Qingxin Zhou, Xiang Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Journal of Functional Foods
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464625003275
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author Chunhao Gao
Fangtian Chen
Nengyun Gong
Shiran Hu
Mengjia Zhu
Qingxin Zhou
Xiang Gao
author_facet Chunhao Gao
Fangtian Chen
Nengyun Gong
Shiran Hu
Mengjia Zhu
Qingxin Zhou
Xiang Gao
author_sort Chunhao Gao
collection DOAJ
description Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. This study compared the efficacy and mechanisms of astaxanthin (AX), astaxanthin esters (AXE), and astacene (AC) in ameliorating high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. The three supplements improved liver function, and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, liver injury, serum lipid levels, HOMA-IR index in NAFLD mice. Notably, AXE exhibited slightly better trends. Mechanistically, they activated the hepatic Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway. Gut microbiota analysis suggested that improvements in gut microbiota dysbiosis might partly elucidate their protective mechanisms on NAFLD, with AC exhibiting superior efficacy. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that AX primarily regulates gene transcription in adipose tissue and AC exhibited the most potent regulatory impact on gene transcription in liver. While AXE displayed notable efficacy in modulating transcriptional profiles across both tissues. This study provides novel insights into the effects of astaxanthin derivatives in ameliorating NAFLD
format Article
id doaj-art-5f227b1e121c40589fe3e5844387600f
institution Kabale University
issn 1756-4646
language English
publishDate 2025-10-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Functional Foods
spelling doaj-art-5f227b1e121c40589fe3e5844387600f2025-08-20T05:06:12ZengElsevierJournal of Functional Foods1756-46462025-10-0113310698510.1016/j.jff.2025.106985Comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters and astacene on high-fat diet-induced NAFLDChunhao Gao0Fangtian Chen1Nengyun Gong2Shiran Hu3Mengjia Zhu4Qingxin Zhou5Xiang Gao6College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Marine Crustacean Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization Technology of Marine Food Resources, Rizhao Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Marine Food Resources, Rizhao, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Marine Technology, Rizhao Polytechnic, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Marine Crustacean Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization Technology of Marine Food Resources, Rizhao Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Marine Food Resources, Rizhao, China; Corresponding authors.College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Corresponding authors.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. This study compared the efficacy and mechanisms of astaxanthin (AX), astaxanthin esters (AXE), and astacene (AC) in ameliorating high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. The three supplements improved liver function, and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, liver injury, serum lipid levels, HOMA-IR index in NAFLD mice. Notably, AXE exhibited slightly better trends. Mechanistically, they activated the hepatic Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway. Gut microbiota analysis suggested that improvements in gut microbiota dysbiosis might partly elucidate their protective mechanisms on NAFLD, with AC exhibiting superior efficacy. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that AX primarily regulates gene transcription in adipose tissue and AC exhibited the most potent regulatory impact on gene transcription in liver. While AXE displayed notable efficacy in modulating transcriptional profiles across both tissues. This study provides novel insights into the effects of astaxanthin derivatives in ameliorating NAFLDhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464625003275NAFLDAstaxanthinAstaxanthin estersAstaceneGut microbiotaTranscriptome
spellingShingle Chunhao Gao
Fangtian Chen
Nengyun Gong
Shiran Hu
Mengjia Zhu
Qingxin Zhou
Xiang Gao
Comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters and astacene on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD
Journal of Functional Foods
NAFLD
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin esters
Astacene
Gut microbiota
Transcriptome
title Comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters and astacene on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD
title_full Comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters and astacene on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD
title_fullStr Comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters and astacene on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters and astacene on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD
title_short Comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters and astacene on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD
title_sort comparison of the effects and mechanisms of astaxanthin astaxanthin esters and astacene on high fat diet induced nafld
topic NAFLD
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin esters
Astacene
Gut microbiota
Transcriptome
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464625003275
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