Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) evolve significantly as they propagate from the Sun to the Earth, so remote observations of their changes in speed, strength of the magnetic field, density, and overall structure are critical for predicting their arrival time and geoeffectiveness. Radio line-of-sight ob...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1c3 |
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| author | Elizabeth A. Jensen W. B. Manchester IV J. E. Kooi T. Nieves-Chinchilla L. K. Jian D. B. Wexler S. F. Fung N. Gopalswamy |
| author_facet | Elizabeth A. Jensen W. B. Manchester IV J. E. Kooi T. Nieves-Chinchilla L. K. Jian D. B. Wexler S. F. Fung N. Gopalswamy |
| author_sort | Elizabeth A. Jensen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) evolve significantly as they propagate from the Sun to the Earth, so remote observations of their changes in speed, strength of the magnetic field, density, and overall structure are critical for predicting their arrival time and geoeffectiveness. Radio line-of-sight observations of Faraday rotation and total electron content (TEC) combined with white-light observations enable the measurement of these properties with careful analyses. This paper describes the analysis techniques and evaluates their accuracy with regard to measuring a CME’s complex evolving structure and speed. The approach utilizes the layout of the Faraday effect tracker of coronal and heliospheric structures, a purely space-based instrument concept, with Alfvén Wave Solar atmosphere Model (AWSoM) simulations as input for evaluating these radio-based measures. Focusing on density and velocity/speed, we find that in situ measurements of CME properties observe similar but different aspects of the distinct CME structure. The AWSoM model suggests that Faraday rotation may be a more sensitive measure of structure than TEC. Finally, we discuss the difficulty the simulation reveals in determining the trailing edge location of a magnetic flux rope. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5f1dcdf7f71b481194a3c896dfc0c2cc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-5f1dcdf7f71b481194a3c896dfc0c2cc2025-08-20T03:15:42ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01987215610.3847/1538-4357/add1c3Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass EjectionElizabeth A. Jensen0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-6621W. B. Manchester IV1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-9408J. E. Kooi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-2522T. Nieves-Chinchilla3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-4890L. K. Jian4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-5527D. B. Wexler5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-6267S. F. Fung6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1216-5553N. Gopalswamy7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-9954Planetary Science Institute , 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA 6Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USARemote Sensing Division , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USAHeliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAHeliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USASpace Science Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Lowell , 600 Suffolk Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USAHeliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAHeliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USACoronal mass ejections (CMEs) evolve significantly as they propagate from the Sun to the Earth, so remote observations of their changes in speed, strength of the magnetic field, density, and overall structure are critical for predicting their arrival time and geoeffectiveness. Radio line-of-sight observations of Faraday rotation and total electron content (TEC) combined with white-light observations enable the measurement of these properties with careful analyses. This paper describes the analysis techniques and evaluates their accuracy with regard to measuring a CME’s complex evolving structure and speed. The approach utilizes the layout of the Faraday effect tracker of coronal and heliospheric structures, a purely space-based instrument concept, with Alfvén Wave Solar atmosphere Model (AWSoM) simulations as input for evaluating these radio-based measures. Focusing on density and velocity/speed, we find that in situ measurements of CME properties observe similar but different aspects of the distinct CME structure. The AWSoM model suggests that Faraday rotation may be a more sensitive measure of structure than TEC. Finally, we discuss the difficulty the simulation reveals in determining the trailing edge location of a magnetic flux rope.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1c3Radio astronomySolar coronaSolar coronal mass ejectionsSolar physicsSolar windHeliosphere |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth A. Jensen W. B. Manchester IV J. E. Kooi T. Nieves-Chinchilla L. K. Jian D. B. Wexler S. F. Fung N. Gopalswamy Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection The Astrophysical Journal Radio astronomy Solar corona Solar coronal mass ejections Solar physics Solar wind Heliosphere |
| title | Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_full | Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_fullStr | Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_short | Modeling Polarized Radio Sounding Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection |
| title_sort | modeling polarized radio sounding observations of a coronal mass ejection |
| topic | Radio astronomy Solar corona Solar coronal mass ejections Solar physics Solar wind Heliosphere |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1c3 |
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