Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experience

BackgroundHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a well-established therapeutic strategy for high-risk leukemia, though post-transplant relapse remains a significant challenge, particularly in resource-limited settingsProcedureIn this retrospective study, we analyzed medical records of...

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Main Authors: Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina, Rita de Cassia Barbosa Tavares, Adriana Mello Rodrigues, Gisele Loth, Samantha Nichele, Cilmara Kuwahara, Fernanda Moreira de Lara Benini, Carolina Martins de Almeida Peixoto, Juliana Bach, Joanna Trennepohl, Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea, Rafaella Muratori, Adriana Koliski, Rebeca Toassa Gomes, Marcia Quiroga, Simone Pereira Lermontov, Valeria Gonçalves da Silva, Ana Paula de Azambuja, Margareth Kleina Feitosa, Alberto Cardoso Martins Lima, Carmem Bonfim
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1573334/full
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author Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina
Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina
Rita de Cassia Barbosa Tavares
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Gisele Loth
Gisele Loth
Gisele Loth
Samantha Nichele
Samantha Nichele
Cilmara Kuwahara
Fernanda Moreira de Lara Benini
Carolina Martins de Almeida Peixoto
Juliana Bach
Juliana Bach
Joanna Trennepohl
Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea
Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea
Rafaella Muratori
Adriana Koliski
Rebeca Toassa Gomes
Marcia Quiroga
Marcia Quiroga
Simone Pereira Lermontov
Valeria Gonçalves da Silva
Ana Paula de Azambuja
Margareth Kleina Feitosa
Margareth Kleina Feitosa
Alberto Cardoso Martins Lima
Carmem Bonfim
Carmem Bonfim
author_facet Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina
Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina
Rita de Cassia Barbosa Tavares
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Gisele Loth
Gisele Loth
Gisele Loth
Samantha Nichele
Samantha Nichele
Cilmara Kuwahara
Fernanda Moreira de Lara Benini
Carolina Martins de Almeida Peixoto
Juliana Bach
Juliana Bach
Joanna Trennepohl
Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea
Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea
Rafaella Muratori
Adriana Koliski
Rebeca Toassa Gomes
Marcia Quiroga
Marcia Quiroga
Simone Pereira Lermontov
Valeria Gonçalves da Silva
Ana Paula de Azambuja
Margareth Kleina Feitosa
Margareth Kleina Feitosa
Alberto Cardoso Martins Lima
Carmem Bonfim
Carmem Bonfim
author_sort Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a well-established therapeutic strategy for high-risk leukemia, though post-transplant relapse remains a significant challenge, particularly in resource-limited settingsProcedureIn this retrospective study, we analyzed medical records of 310 pediatric patients (age < 18 years) who underwent HCT for acute leukemias at four Brazilian institutions between 2010 and 2019.ResultsThe cohort included patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; 74.2%) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 25.8%). The median age was 9.52 years (range: 0.25–17.97), with male predominance (68.3%). Total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning was utilized in 72.6% of cases, and bone marrow served as the predominant graft source (74.5%). Prior to transplantation, 46.5% of patients were in first complete remission. Post-transplant relapse occurred in 36.7% of patients at a median of 245 days (range: 38–2,505). With a median follow-up of 2,019 days (5.5 years), overall survival was 69.3% at one year, declining to 62.4% at two years. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 12.6%, 28.8%, and 33.4% at 100 days, one year, and two years post-HCT, respectively. Adjusted analysis revealed increased relapse risk in patients with mixed donor chimerism, positive minimal residual disease (MRD) status before HCT, and disease status beyond first complete remission (including CR2, advanced disease, and refractory disease).Conclusion(s)These findings underscore the elevated relapse risk associated with advanced disease status, positive pre-HCT MRD, and mixed donor chimerism post-transplant. Future interventions should prioritize improving diagnostic capabilities, expanding access to modern treatment protocols, and facilitating early referral to transplant centers, particularly for aggressive disease presentations.
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spelling doaj-art-5f1b92fac9b14f1d9193d79ef4a667db2025-08-20T02:50:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602025-03-011310.3389/fped.2025.15733341573334Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experiencePolliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina0Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina1Rita de Cassia Barbosa Tavares2Adriana Mello Rodrigues3Adriana Mello Rodrigues4Adriana Mello Rodrigues5Gisele Loth6Gisele Loth7Gisele Loth8Samantha Nichele9Samantha Nichele10Cilmara Kuwahara11Fernanda Moreira de Lara Benini12Carolina Martins de Almeida Peixoto13Juliana Bach14Juliana Bach15Joanna Trennepohl16Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea17Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea18Rafaella Muratori19Adriana Koliski20Rebeca Toassa Gomes21Marcia Quiroga22Marcia Quiroga23Simone Pereira Lermontov24Valeria Gonçalves da Silva25Ana Paula de Azambuja26Margareth Kleina Feitosa27Margareth Kleina Feitosa28Alberto Cardoso Martins Lima29Carmem Bonfim30Carmem Bonfim31Pequeno Príncipe College, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilNational Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPequeno Príncipe College, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilPequeno Príncipe College, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilBone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilPequeno Príncipe College, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilBone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilBone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilNational Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilNational Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital de Clínicas—UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilPequeno Príncipe College, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilHospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, BrazilBackgroundHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a well-established therapeutic strategy for high-risk leukemia, though post-transplant relapse remains a significant challenge, particularly in resource-limited settingsProcedureIn this retrospective study, we analyzed medical records of 310 pediatric patients (age < 18 years) who underwent HCT for acute leukemias at four Brazilian institutions between 2010 and 2019.ResultsThe cohort included patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; 74.2%) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 25.8%). The median age was 9.52 years (range: 0.25–17.97), with male predominance (68.3%). Total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning was utilized in 72.6% of cases, and bone marrow served as the predominant graft source (74.5%). Prior to transplantation, 46.5% of patients were in first complete remission. Post-transplant relapse occurred in 36.7% of patients at a median of 245 days (range: 38–2,505). With a median follow-up of 2,019 days (5.5 years), overall survival was 69.3% at one year, declining to 62.4% at two years. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 12.6%, 28.8%, and 33.4% at 100 days, one year, and two years post-HCT, respectively. Adjusted analysis revealed increased relapse risk in patients with mixed donor chimerism, positive minimal residual disease (MRD) status before HCT, and disease status beyond first complete remission (including CR2, advanced disease, and refractory disease).Conclusion(s)These findings underscore the elevated relapse risk associated with advanced disease status, positive pre-HCT MRD, and mixed donor chimerism post-transplant. Future interventions should prioritize improving diagnostic capabilities, expanding access to modern treatment protocols, and facilitating early referral to transplant centers, particularly for aggressive disease presentations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1573334/fullpediatricALLAMLBMTrelapse
spellingShingle Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina
Polliany Roberta Dorini Pelegrina
Rita de Cassia Barbosa Tavares
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Adriana Mello Rodrigues
Gisele Loth
Gisele Loth
Gisele Loth
Samantha Nichele
Samantha Nichele
Cilmara Kuwahara
Fernanda Moreira de Lara Benini
Carolina Martins de Almeida Peixoto
Juliana Bach
Juliana Bach
Joanna Trennepohl
Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea
Lara Maria Miranda de Gouvea
Rafaella Muratori
Adriana Koliski
Rebeca Toassa Gomes
Marcia Quiroga
Marcia Quiroga
Simone Pereira Lermontov
Valeria Gonçalves da Silva
Ana Paula de Azambuja
Margareth Kleina Feitosa
Margareth Kleina Feitosa
Alberto Cardoso Martins Lima
Carmem Bonfim
Carmem Bonfim
Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experience
Frontiers in Pediatrics
pediatric
ALL
AML
BMT
relapse
title Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experience
title_full Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experience
title_fullStr Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experience
title_full_unstemmed Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experience
title_short Clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicenter Brazilian experience
title_sort clinical outcomes and relapse patterns in pediatric acute leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation a multicenter brazilian experience
topic pediatric
ALL
AML
BMT
relapse
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1573334/full
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