Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems Using Extensional Modes: Optimization of Composite Structures
Efficient ice protection systems are essential to ensure the operability and reliability of aircraft. In recent years, electromechanical resonant ice protection systems have emerged as a promising low-power alternative to current solutions. These systems can operate in two primary resonant modes: fl...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Giulia Gastaldo Younes Rafik Marc Budinger Valérie Pommier-Budinger |
| author_facet | Giulia Gastaldo Younes Rafik Marc Budinger Valérie Pommier-Budinger |
| author_sort | Giulia Gastaldo |
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| description | Efficient ice protection systems are essential to ensure the operability and reliability of aircraft. In recent years, electromechanical resonant ice protection systems have emerged as a promising low-power alternative to current solutions. These systems can operate in two primary resonant modes: flexural and extensional. While extensional modes enable effective de-icing over large surface areas, their performance can be compromised by interference from flexural modes, particularly in thin, ice-covered substrates where natural mode coupling occurs. This study presents a strategy based on material selection for making the Young’s modulus-to-density ratio uniform. The final objective of this paper is to establish the design rules for a composite leading edge de-icing system. For this purpose, an incremental approach will be used on profiles with different radii of curvature: plate or beam (infinite radius), circular profile (constant radius), NACA profile (variable radius). For beam and plate structures, the paper shows that this coupling can be mitigated by selecting materials with a Young’s modulus-to-density ratio comparable to that of ice. For curved structures, the curvature-induced effect is another source of parasitic flexion, which cannot be controlled solely by material selection and requires careful thickness optimization. This study presents analytical and numerical approaches to investigate the origin of this effect and a design methodology to minimize parasitic flexion in curved structures. The methodology is applied to the design optimization of a glass fiber NACA 0024 airfoil leading edge, the performance of which is subsequently evaluated through icing wind tunnel testing. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5f1022a145744d97bfa5c78f441186d52025-08-20T02:11:00ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-03-0112325510.3390/aerospace12030255Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems Using Extensional Modes: Optimization of Composite StructuresGiulia Gastaldo0Younes Rafik1Marc Budinger2Valérie Pommier-Budinger3Fédération ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA, University of Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, FranceInstitut Clement Ader, University of Toulouse, INSA, ISAE-SUPAERO, MINES ALBI, UPS, CNRS, 31055 Toulouse, FranceInstitut Clement Ader, University of Toulouse, INSA, ISAE-SUPAERO, MINES ALBI, UPS, CNRS, 31055 Toulouse, FranceFédération ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA, University of Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, FranceEfficient ice protection systems are essential to ensure the operability and reliability of aircraft. In recent years, electromechanical resonant ice protection systems have emerged as a promising low-power alternative to current solutions. These systems can operate in two primary resonant modes: flexural and extensional. While extensional modes enable effective de-icing over large surface areas, their performance can be compromised by interference from flexural modes, particularly in thin, ice-covered substrates where natural mode coupling occurs. This study presents a strategy based on material selection for making the Young’s modulus-to-density ratio uniform. The final objective of this paper is to establish the design rules for a composite leading edge de-icing system. For this purpose, an incremental approach will be used on profiles with different radii of curvature: plate or beam (infinite radius), circular profile (constant radius), NACA profile (variable radius). For beam and plate structures, the paper shows that this coupling can be mitigated by selecting materials with a Young’s modulus-to-density ratio comparable to that of ice. For curved structures, the curvature-induced effect is another source of parasitic flexion, which cannot be controlled solely by material selection and requires careful thickness optimization. This study presents analytical and numerical approaches to investigate the origin of this effect and a design methodology to minimize parasitic flexion in curved structures. The methodology is applied to the design optimization of a glass fiber NACA 0024 airfoil leading edge, the performance of which is subsequently evaluated through icing wind tunnel testing.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/3/255electromechanical de-icingextensional modespiezoelectric actuatorsglass-fiber-reinforced polymersdesign optimization |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Gastaldo Younes Rafik Marc Budinger Valérie Pommier-Budinger Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems Using Extensional Modes: Optimization of Composite Structures Aerospace electromechanical de-icing extensional modes piezoelectric actuators glass-fiber-reinforced polymers design optimization |
| title | Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems Using Extensional Modes: Optimization of Composite Structures |
| title_full | Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems Using Extensional Modes: Optimization of Composite Structures |
| title_fullStr | Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems Using Extensional Modes: Optimization of Composite Structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems Using Extensional Modes: Optimization of Composite Structures |
| title_short | Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems Using Extensional Modes: Optimization of Composite Structures |
| title_sort | electromechanical resonant ice protection systems using extensional modes optimization of composite structures |
| topic | electromechanical de-icing extensional modes piezoelectric actuators glass-fiber-reinforced polymers design optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/3/255 |
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