Is the groundwater of Dhaka city, Bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements?
This study investigates the contamination of groundwater in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, focusing on six potentially toxic elements, including As, Cu, Mn, Cr, Al, and B, due to their implications for public health as groundwater serves as the primary source of drinking water in the region. 15 samples wer...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1514154/full |
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| author | Mahir Tajwar Mahfuzur Rahman Mahfuzur Rahman Shamiha Shafinaz Shreya Nazmus Sakib Md. Yousuf Gazi Md. Yousuf Gazi Mahmudul Hasan Anika Samm-A Anwar Zahid |
| author_facet | Mahir Tajwar Mahfuzur Rahman Mahfuzur Rahman Shamiha Shafinaz Shreya Nazmus Sakib Md. Yousuf Gazi Md. Yousuf Gazi Mahmudul Hasan Anika Samm-A Anwar Zahid |
| author_sort | Mahir Tajwar |
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| description | This study investigates the contamination of groundwater in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, focusing on six potentially toxic elements, including As, Cu, Mn, Cr, Al, and B, due to their implications for public health as groundwater serves as the primary source of drinking water in the region. 15 samples were taken into consideration and was analyzed for six elements (As, Cu, Mn, Cr, Al, and B) using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) were undetectable in all samples. The average concentrations of Copper (Cu), Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), and Manganese (Mn) were measured at 0.075 mg/L, 0.087 mg/L, 1.14 mg/L, and 0.48 mg/L, respectively. Among these, only one sample (S-05) exceeded the WHO (2022) drinking water limits for Boron, and 10 samples surpassed the limits for Manganese. Pollution indices like MEI, NI, and Cd were used to evaluate contamination levels, revealing significant pollution in multiple samples. Metal evaluation index (MEI) values were found between 0.39 and 17.97 with the average of 6.71. The average values of the Nemerow pollution index (NI) and degree of contamination (Cd) were found sequentially to be 4.35 and 5.71. In both cases, eight samples were found to be highly contaminated. The observed hazard index (HI) values for adults varied from 0.20 to 2.47, whereas for children it ranged from 0.32 to 3.93. All samples indicate values of children exceed the HI values of adults which indicates that children are more susceptible than adults through oral exposure to drinking water. The elevated concentrations of manganese were the primary cause of the higher NI, Cd, and HI values in eight samples. This study highlights groundwater contamination as a critical public health concern and advocates the need for mitigation efforts to ensure safe drinking water access. The study underscores the urgent need for implementing stricter groundwater management policies and public health interventions to mitigate contamination risks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5f058e49097748fea1b6cfd9657bb611 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-5f058e49097748fea1b6cfd9657bb6112025-01-06T06:58:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2025-01-011210.3389/fenvs.2024.15141541514154Is the groundwater of Dhaka city, Bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements?Mahir Tajwar0Mahfuzur Rahman1Mahfuzur Rahman2Shamiha Shafinaz Shreya3Nazmus Sakib4Md. Yousuf Gazi5Md. Yousuf Gazi6Mahmudul Hasan7Anika Samm-A8Anwar Zahid9Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, BangladeshSchool of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaDepartment of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BangladeshGeologist, Bangladesh Water Development Board, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BangladeshSchool of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Darlington, AustraliaDepartment of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BangladeshGeologist, Bangladesh Water Development Board, Dhaka, BangladeshThis study investigates the contamination of groundwater in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, focusing on six potentially toxic elements, including As, Cu, Mn, Cr, Al, and B, due to their implications for public health as groundwater serves as the primary source of drinking water in the region. 15 samples were taken into consideration and was analyzed for six elements (As, Cu, Mn, Cr, Al, and B) using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) were undetectable in all samples. The average concentrations of Copper (Cu), Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), and Manganese (Mn) were measured at 0.075 mg/L, 0.087 mg/L, 1.14 mg/L, and 0.48 mg/L, respectively. Among these, only one sample (S-05) exceeded the WHO (2022) drinking water limits for Boron, and 10 samples surpassed the limits for Manganese. Pollution indices like MEI, NI, and Cd were used to evaluate contamination levels, revealing significant pollution in multiple samples. Metal evaluation index (MEI) values were found between 0.39 and 17.97 with the average of 6.71. The average values of the Nemerow pollution index (NI) and degree of contamination (Cd) were found sequentially to be 4.35 and 5.71. In both cases, eight samples were found to be highly contaminated. The observed hazard index (HI) values for adults varied from 0.20 to 2.47, whereas for children it ranged from 0.32 to 3.93. All samples indicate values of children exceed the HI values of adults which indicates that children are more susceptible than adults through oral exposure to drinking water. The elevated concentrations of manganese were the primary cause of the higher NI, Cd, and HI values in eight samples. This study highlights groundwater contamination as a critical public health concern and advocates the need for mitigation efforts to ensure safe drinking water access. The study underscores the urgent need for implementing stricter groundwater management policies and public health interventions to mitigate contamination risks.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1514154/fullgroundwatertoxic elementsmanganesehealth hazardspollution evaluation indices |
| spellingShingle | Mahir Tajwar Mahfuzur Rahman Mahfuzur Rahman Shamiha Shafinaz Shreya Nazmus Sakib Md. Yousuf Gazi Md. Yousuf Gazi Mahmudul Hasan Anika Samm-A Anwar Zahid Is the groundwater of Dhaka city, Bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements? Frontiers in Environmental Science groundwater toxic elements manganese health hazards pollution evaluation indices |
| title | Is the groundwater of Dhaka city, Bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements? |
| title_full | Is the groundwater of Dhaka city, Bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements? |
| title_fullStr | Is the groundwater of Dhaka city, Bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is the groundwater of Dhaka city, Bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements? |
| title_short | Is the groundwater of Dhaka city, Bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements? |
| title_sort | is the groundwater of dhaka city bangladesh contaminated with naturally occurring potential toxic elements |
| topic | groundwater toxic elements manganese health hazards pollution evaluation indices |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1514154/full |
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