Feeding probiotics-fermented distiller's grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiota

Abstract Background Distiller’s grains (DG), a major by-product of the Chinese Baijiu industry, represent an inexpensive yet high-quality protein raw material. Previous studies have shown that probiotics-fermented distiller's grains (FDG) hold the potential to serve as an effective livestock fe...

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Main Authors: Rong Zhang, Shihui Mei, Guangxia He, Miaozhan Wei, Lan Chen, Ze Chen, Yuanqi Zhong, Bijun Zhou, Kaigong Wang, Zhentao Cheng, Chunmei Wang, Erpeng Zhu, Chao Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Microbiome
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-025-02138-2
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author Rong Zhang
Shihui Mei
Guangxia He
Miaozhan Wei
Lan Chen
Ze Chen
Yuanqi Zhong
Bijun Zhou
Kaigong Wang
Zhentao Cheng
Chunmei Wang
Erpeng Zhu
Chao Chen
author_facet Rong Zhang
Shihui Mei
Guangxia He
Miaozhan Wei
Lan Chen
Ze Chen
Yuanqi Zhong
Bijun Zhou
Kaigong Wang
Zhentao Cheng
Chunmei Wang
Erpeng Zhu
Chao Chen
author_sort Rong Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Distiller’s grains (DG), a major by-product of the Chinese Baijiu industry, represent an inexpensive yet high-quality protein raw material. Previous studies have shown that probiotics-fermented distiller's grains (FDG) hold the potential to serve as an effective livestock feed resource. However, the impacts of feeding FDG-based diets on rumen enzyme activities, rumen microbial communities and metabolism in finishing cattle, along with their underlying regulatory mechanisms, remain poorly understood. Results After 45 days of feeding FDG diets, rumen enzyme activities increased significantly. Feeding 10% FDG diets increased the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Prevotella_1 and the fungal genera Candida, Mucor, and Scedosporium in the rumen. Conversely, the relative abundances of bacterial genera Veillonellaceae UCG-001 and Candidatus Saccharimonas, as well as fungal genus Talaromyces, were reduced notably in the rumen following FDG diet supplementation. Compared to the FDG-10% group, the FDG-20% group exhibited a higher relative abundance of the beneficial bacterial genus Bifidobacterium and the fungal genus Plectosphaerella. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated that the differential metabolites were primarily categorized as benzenoids, lipids and lipid-like molecules, and organic acids and derivatives, which were significantly enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and taste transduction metabolic pathways. Untargeted lipidomic analysis further demonstrated that feeding 20% FDG diets elevated the levels of glycerophospholipids in the rumen. Spearman analysis identified the correlations between specific bacterial and fungal genera and rumen enzyme activities, differential metabolites, and lipids. Conclusions These results suggest that feeding FDG diets potentially improves rumen enzyme activities and up-regulates the levels of glycerophospholipids in the rumen, which may be associated with the alterations in specific rumen microbiota involved in degrading cellulose. Of these, 20% FDG replacement emerges as a better dose within the range of FDG additions in this study. Video Abstract Graphical Abstract
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institution Kabale University
issn 2049-2618
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher BMC
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series Microbiome
spelling doaj-art-5f054058aa994eae811459ca4c2da5752025-08-20T03:26:47ZengBMCMicrobiome2049-26182025-06-0113112110.1186/s40168-025-02138-2Feeding probiotics-fermented distiller's grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiotaRong Zhang0Shihui Mei1Guangxia He2Miaozhan Wei3Lan Chen4Ze Chen5Yuanqi Zhong6Bijun Zhou7Kaigong Wang8Zhentao Cheng9Chunmei Wang10Erpeng Zhu11Chao Chen12College of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityKey Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou UniversityAbstract Background Distiller’s grains (DG), a major by-product of the Chinese Baijiu industry, represent an inexpensive yet high-quality protein raw material. Previous studies have shown that probiotics-fermented distiller's grains (FDG) hold the potential to serve as an effective livestock feed resource. However, the impacts of feeding FDG-based diets on rumen enzyme activities, rumen microbial communities and metabolism in finishing cattle, along with their underlying regulatory mechanisms, remain poorly understood. Results After 45 days of feeding FDG diets, rumen enzyme activities increased significantly. Feeding 10% FDG diets increased the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Prevotella_1 and the fungal genera Candida, Mucor, and Scedosporium in the rumen. Conversely, the relative abundances of bacterial genera Veillonellaceae UCG-001 and Candidatus Saccharimonas, as well as fungal genus Talaromyces, were reduced notably in the rumen following FDG diet supplementation. Compared to the FDG-10% group, the FDG-20% group exhibited a higher relative abundance of the beneficial bacterial genus Bifidobacterium and the fungal genus Plectosphaerella. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated that the differential metabolites were primarily categorized as benzenoids, lipids and lipid-like molecules, and organic acids and derivatives, which were significantly enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and taste transduction metabolic pathways. Untargeted lipidomic analysis further demonstrated that feeding 20% FDG diets elevated the levels of glycerophospholipids in the rumen. Spearman analysis identified the correlations between specific bacterial and fungal genera and rumen enzyme activities, differential metabolites, and lipids. Conclusions These results suggest that feeding FDG diets potentially improves rumen enzyme activities and up-regulates the levels of glycerophospholipids in the rumen, which may be associated with the alterations in specific rumen microbiota involved in degrading cellulose. Of these, 20% FDG replacement emerges as a better dose within the range of FDG additions in this study. Video Abstract Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-025-02138-2Fermented distiller’s grainsRumen microbiotaGlycerophospholipid metabolismMulti-omicsMicrobial-metabolite interaction
spellingShingle Rong Zhang
Shihui Mei
Guangxia He
Miaozhan Wei
Lan Chen
Ze Chen
Yuanqi Zhong
Bijun Zhou
Kaigong Wang
Zhentao Cheng
Chunmei Wang
Erpeng Zhu
Chao Chen
Feeding probiotics-fermented distiller's grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiota
Microbiome
Fermented distiller’s grains
Rumen microbiota
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
Multi-omics
Microbial-metabolite interaction
title Feeding probiotics-fermented distiller's grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiota
title_full Feeding probiotics-fermented distiller's grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiota
title_fullStr Feeding probiotics-fermented distiller's grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiota
title_full_unstemmed Feeding probiotics-fermented distiller's grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiota
title_short Feeding probiotics-fermented distiller's grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiota
title_sort feeding probiotics fermented distiller s grains diets increases rumen enzyme activities and glycerophospholipid levels in finishing cattle by modulating rumen microbiota
topic Fermented distiller’s grains
Rumen microbiota
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
Multi-omics
Microbial-metabolite interaction
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-025-02138-2
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