Unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a poor prognosis and limited modifiable factors. Emerging evidence indicates that serum mineral levels may influence the likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer. However, the causal relationship between...

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Main Authors: Cong Liu, Huajun Wu, Dongdong Cai, Xin Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-12-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01695-6
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author Cong Liu
Huajun Wu
Dongdong Cai
Xin Yu
author_facet Cong Liu
Huajun Wu
Dongdong Cai
Xin Yu
author_sort Cong Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a poor prognosis and limited modifiable factors. Emerging evidence indicates that serum mineral levels may influence the likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer. However, the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer remains unclear and warrants further investigation. Methods This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the causal effects of serum mineral levels on pancreatic cancer risk. Genetic variants associated with serum mineral levels, including calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and copper, were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) from large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Multiple methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weight methods, were employed to perform MR analysis. The effect sizes from the MR analysis, using two independent GWAS summary datasets related to pancreatic cancer, were combined through meta-analysis. The Cochrane Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out test were conducted for sensitivity tests. Results Our MR analysis demonstrated a significant causal effect of genetically predicted serum calcium levels on increased pancreatic cancer risk [OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.05–2.57, P = 0.029 (discovery cohort); OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.07–2.15, P = 0.019 (validation cohort)], while no significant associations were found for other serum minerals (P > 0.05). Additional meta-analysis reinforces and substantiates this conclusion (pooled OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.19–2.06, P = 0.001). No evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected across multiple sensitivity tests (P > 0.05). Conclusion This study provides new evidence supporting the causal role of certain serum minerals, particularly calcium, in the development of pancreatic cancer. These findings may help inform future research into preventive strategies or therapies aimed at modulating mineral levels in patients at high risk of pancreatic cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-5eecc10bd02c4f0e9e4d300c7bf8147b2025-08-20T02:39:41ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112024-12-0115111210.1007/s12672-024-01695-6Unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer: a Mendelian randomization studyCong Liu0Huajun Wu1Dongdong Cai2Xin Yu3Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityAbstract Background Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a poor prognosis and limited modifiable factors. Emerging evidence indicates that serum mineral levels may influence the likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer. However, the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer remains unclear and warrants further investigation. Methods This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the causal effects of serum mineral levels on pancreatic cancer risk. Genetic variants associated with serum mineral levels, including calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and copper, were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) from large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Multiple methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weight methods, were employed to perform MR analysis. The effect sizes from the MR analysis, using two independent GWAS summary datasets related to pancreatic cancer, were combined through meta-analysis. The Cochrane Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out test were conducted for sensitivity tests. Results Our MR analysis demonstrated a significant causal effect of genetically predicted serum calcium levels on increased pancreatic cancer risk [OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.05–2.57, P = 0.029 (discovery cohort); OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.07–2.15, P = 0.019 (validation cohort)], while no significant associations were found for other serum minerals (P > 0.05). Additional meta-analysis reinforces and substantiates this conclusion (pooled OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.19–2.06, P = 0.001). No evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected across multiple sensitivity tests (P > 0.05). Conclusion This study provides new evidence supporting the causal role of certain serum minerals, particularly calcium, in the development of pancreatic cancer. These findings may help inform future research into preventive strategies or therapies aimed at modulating mineral levels in patients at high risk of pancreatic cancer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01695-6Mendelian randomization analysisMineralsPancreatic neoplasmsGenome-wide association studyMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Cong Liu
Huajun Wu
Dongdong Cai
Xin Yu
Unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Discover Oncology
Mendelian randomization analysis
Minerals
Pancreatic neoplasms
Genome-wide association study
Meta-analysis
title Unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_full Unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_fullStr Unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_short Unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_sort unraveling the causal relationship between serum minerals and pancreatic cancer a mendelian randomization study
topic Mendelian randomization analysis
Minerals
Pancreatic neoplasms
Genome-wide association study
Meta-analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01695-6
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