HD-tDCS effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract This study examined the effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), focusing on those with and without sensory processing abnormalities. A randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial inv...

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Main Authors: Yonglu Wang, Zhijia Li, Yupei Ye, Yun Li, Ran Wei, Kaiyan Gan, Yuxin Qian, Lingxi Xu, Yue Kong, Luyang Guan, Hui Fang, Gongkai Jiao, Xiaoyan Ke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93631-z
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author Yonglu Wang
Zhijia Li
Yupei Ye
Yun Li
Ran Wei
Kaiyan Gan
Yuxin Qian
Lingxi Xu
Yue Kong
Luyang Guan
Hui Fang
Gongkai Jiao
Xiaoyan Ke
author_facet Yonglu Wang
Zhijia Li
Yupei Ye
Yun Li
Ran Wei
Kaiyan Gan
Yuxin Qian
Lingxi Xu
Yue Kong
Luyang Guan
Hui Fang
Gongkai Jiao
Xiaoyan Ke
author_sort Yonglu Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study examined the effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), focusing on those with and without sensory processing abnormalities. A randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial involved 72 children with ASD, divided into three groups based on sensory integration status. A post-hoc analysis of 51 children aged 4–8 years who received true HD-tDCS was conducted, categorizing them into hypo-tactile, hyper-tactile, and typical tactile sensitivity groups. Therapeutic efficacy was compared across these groups. (1) The randomized cntrolled Trial: The typical sensory integration group showed significant improvements in social awareness (t = 5.032, p < 0.000) and autistic mannerisms (t = 3.085, p = 0.004) compared to the sensory integration dysfunction group. (2)The result of the post-hoc analysis: The hypo-tactile and typical tactile sensitivity groups exhibited notable improvements in social awareness, cognition, communication, autistic mannerisms, and total SRS scores. In contrast, the hyper-tactile group only had a significant reduction in social communication (t = 2.385, p = 0.022) post-intervention. HD-tDCS effectively improved social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, particularly those with typical sensory integration and either typical or hypo-tactile responsiveness.
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spelling doaj-art-5ee83e5c0ac94a15a359e07b9f4eacbf2025-08-20T03:41:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-93631-zHD-tDCS effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities: a randomized controlled trialYonglu Wang0Zhijia Li1Yupei Ye2Yun Li3Ran Wei4Kaiyan Gan5Yuxin Qian6Lingxi Xu7Yue Kong8Luyang Guan9Hui Fang10Gongkai Jiao11Xiaoyan Ke12Child Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChild Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityAbstract This study examined the effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), focusing on those with and without sensory processing abnormalities. A randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial involved 72 children with ASD, divided into three groups based on sensory integration status. A post-hoc analysis of 51 children aged 4–8 years who received true HD-tDCS was conducted, categorizing them into hypo-tactile, hyper-tactile, and typical tactile sensitivity groups. Therapeutic efficacy was compared across these groups. (1) The randomized cntrolled Trial: The typical sensory integration group showed significant improvements in social awareness (t = 5.032, p < 0.000) and autistic mannerisms (t = 3.085, p = 0.004) compared to the sensory integration dysfunction group. (2)The result of the post-hoc analysis: The hypo-tactile and typical tactile sensitivity groups exhibited notable improvements in social awareness, cognition, communication, autistic mannerisms, and total SRS scores. In contrast, the hyper-tactile group only had a significant reduction in social communication (t = 2.385, p = 0.022) post-intervention. HD-tDCS effectively improved social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, particularly those with typical sensory integration and either typical or hypo-tactile responsiveness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93631-zAutism spectrum disorderHigh definition transcranial direct current stimulationSensory abnormalitiesSensory integration dysfunctionSocial impairment
spellingShingle Yonglu Wang
Zhijia Li
Yupei Ye
Yun Li
Ran Wei
Kaiyan Gan
Yuxin Qian
Lingxi Xu
Yue Kong
Luyang Guan
Hui Fang
Gongkai Jiao
Xiaoyan Ke
HD-tDCS effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities: a randomized controlled trial
Scientific Reports
Autism spectrum disorder
High definition transcranial direct current stimulation
Sensory abnormalities
Sensory integration dysfunction
Social impairment
title HD-tDCS effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities: a randomized controlled trial
title_full HD-tDCS effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities: a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr HD-tDCS effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities: a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed HD-tDCS effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities: a randomized controlled trial
title_short HD-tDCS effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities: a randomized controlled trial
title_sort hd tdcs effects on social impairment in autism spectrum disorder with sensory processing abnormalities a randomized controlled trial
topic Autism spectrum disorder
High definition transcranial direct current stimulation
Sensory abnormalities
Sensory integration dysfunction
Social impairment
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93631-z
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