Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism-related signature and T cell alteration in atrial fibrillation

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to modifications in T cell-mediated immunity. Although lactate metabolism influences T cell differentiation and function, its specific role in AF and associated immune processes remains inadequately understood.MethodsWe performed an integrated transcripto...

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Main Authors: Xianglin Long, Junxi Li, Yeshen Zhang, Zhihui Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1644702/full
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author Xianglin Long
Junxi Li
Yeshen Zhang
Zhihui Zhang
author_facet Xianglin Long
Junxi Li
Yeshen Zhang
Zhihui Zhang
author_sort Xianglin Long
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to modifications in T cell-mediated immunity. Although lactate metabolism influences T cell differentiation and function, its specific role in AF and associated immune processes remains inadequately understood.MethodsWe performed an integrated transcriptomic analysis utilizing both bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing data derived from hearts exhibiting AF and those in sinus rhythm. Genes associated with lactate metabolism were curated from the MsigDB, and key genes were identified through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis and differential expression analysis. A diagnostic model based on machine learning was developed, and gene expression was further validated using qRT-PCR in a mouse model of AF. T cell heterogeneity was evaluated using the Seurat package, and intercellular communication was inferred using CellChat.ResultsIn AF, six key genes related to lactate metabolism showed transcriptomic changes linked to the AF phenotype and CD4+/CD8+ T cell populations. A diagnostic model using these genes achieved an AUC of 0.909 in external datasets. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing identified a reduced metabolism-related T cell subset (CLM-T) in AF, with increased CD45 and thrombospondin signaling between CLM-T and other T cell subclusters. qRT-PCR in a mouse AF model confirmed significant gene upregulation in atrial tissue.ConclusionThis study synthesizes bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses to identify genes associated with lactate metabolism as potential biomarkers for AF and to elucidate T cell alterations in AF. These findings offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of AF and suggest potential strategies for its diagnosis.
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spelling doaj-art-5ee60c8d02e5427fa67a8e79312fa34a2025-08-20T03:40:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-08-011310.3389/fcell.2025.16447021644702Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism-related signature and T cell alteration in atrial fibrillationXianglin Long0Junxi Li1Yeshen Zhang2Zhihui Zhang3Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, ChinaChongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, ChinaBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to modifications in T cell-mediated immunity. Although lactate metabolism influences T cell differentiation and function, its specific role in AF and associated immune processes remains inadequately understood.MethodsWe performed an integrated transcriptomic analysis utilizing both bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing data derived from hearts exhibiting AF and those in sinus rhythm. Genes associated with lactate metabolism were curated from the MsigDB, and key genes were identified through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis and differential expression analysis. A diagnostic model based on machine learning was developed, and gene expression was further validated using qRT-PCR in a mouse model of AF. T cell heterogeneity was evaluated using the Seurat package, and intercellular communication was inferred using CellChat.ResultsIn AF, six key genes related to lactate metabolism showed transcriptomic changes linked to the AF phenotype and CD4+/CD8+ T cell populations. A diagnostic model using these genes achieved an AUC of 0.909 in external datasets. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing identified a reduced metabolism-related T cell subset (CLM-T) in AF, with increased CD45 and thrombospondin signaling between CLM-T and other T cell subclusters. qRT-PCR in a mouse AF model confirmed significant gene upregulation in atrial tissue.ConclusionThis study synthesizes bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses to identify genes associated with lactate metabolism as potential biomarkers for AF and to elucidate T cell alterations in AF. These findings offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of AF and suggest potential strategies for its diagnosis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1644702/fullatrial fibrillationlactate metabolismt celltranscriptomicsimmunemetabolism
spellingShingle Xianglin Long
Junxi Li
Yeshen Zhang
Zhihui Zhang
Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism-related signature and T cell alteration in atrial fibrillation
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
atrial fibrillation
lactate metabolism
t cell
transcriptomics
immunemetabolism
title Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism-related signature and T cell alteration in atrial fibrillation
title_full Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism-related signature and T cell alteration in atrial fibrillation
title_fullStr Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism-related signature and T cell alteration in atrial fibrillation
title_full_unstemmed Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism-related signature and T cell alteration in atrial fibrillation
title_short Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism-related signature and T cell alteration in atrial fibrillation
title_sort integrated single cell and bulk transcriptome analysis reveal lactate metabolism related signature and t cell alteration in atrial fibrillation
topic atrial fibrillation
lactate metabolism
t cell
transcriptomics
immunemetabolism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1644702/full
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AT junxili integratedsinglecellandbulktranscriptomeanalysisreveallactatemetabolismrelatedsignatureandtcellalterationinatrialfibrillation
AT yeshenzhang integratedsinglecellandbulktranscriptomeanalysisreveallactatemetabolismrelatedsignatureandtcellalterationinatrialfibrillation
AT zhihuizhang integratedsinglecellandbulktranscriptomeanalysisreveallactatemetabolismrelatedsignatureandtcellalterationinatrialfibrillation