Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1-propanol from 293.2 to 323.2 K
The solubility characteristics of amlodipine besylate (ADB) in various propylene glycol and 1-propanol mixtures were quantitatively determined using a spectrophotometric approach, post equilibration via the established shake-flask technique. This solubility quantification was extended across a spect...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667312625000112 |
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| author | Homa Rezaei Fleming Martinez William E. Acree Jr Abolghasem Jouyban |
| author_facet | Homa Rezaei Fleming Martinez William E. Acree Jr Abolghasem Jouyban |
| author_sort | Homa Rezaei |
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| description | The solubility characteristics of amlodipine besylate (ADB) in various propylene glycol and 1-propanol mixtures were quantitatively determined using a spectrophotometric approach, post equilibration via the established shake-flask technique. This solubility quantification was extended across a spectrum of five distinct temperatures, ranging from 293.2 K to 313.2 K, in conjunction with eleven discrete mass fractions. It was observed that the solubility of ADB exhibited an enhancement concomitant with an increase in the propylene glycol mass fraction, culminating in a maximal solubility value at 313.2 K for a propylene glycol mass fraction of 0.8. The solubility data of ADB was subjected to correlation analysis using a variety of linear cosolvency models, yielding mean percentage deviations spanning from 1.0 % to 24.8 %. In the realm of thermodynamics, the apparent parameters, namely enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, pertinent to the dissolution processes of ADB were computed. The derived enthalpy-entropy relationship for ADB demonstrated a non-linear behavior. Specifically, the plot of enthalpy against Gibbs energy revealed positive slopes in the ranges of w1=0.0 to w1=0.1, w1=0.2 to w1=0.3, w1=0.4 to w1=0.5, w1=0.6 to w1=0.7, and w1=0.8 to w1=1.0 in these mixtures, but transitioning to negative slopes between w1=0.1 and w1=0.2, w1=0.3 to w1=0.4, w1=0.5 to w1=0.6, and w1=0.7 to w1=0.8. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-3126 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ee27e4c93554f098bb4c8adf5a831672025-02-12T05:33:05ZengElsevierChemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis2667-31262025-06-0118100171Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1-propanol from 293.2 to 323.2 KHoma Rezaei0Fleming Martinez1William E. Acree Jr2Abolghasem Jouyban3Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranGrupo de Investigaciones Farmacéutico-Fisicoquímicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Bogotá, Cra. 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, DC, ColombiaDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton 76203-5070, TX, USAPharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Corresponding author.The solubility characteristics of amlodipine besylate (ADB) in various propylene glycol and 1-propanol mixtures were quantitatively determined using a spectrophotometric approach, post equilibration via the established shake-flask technique. This solubility quantification was extended across a spectrum of five distinct temperatures, ranging from 293.2 K to 313.2 K, in conjunction with eleven discrete mass fractions. It was observed that the solubility of ADB exhibited an enhancement concomitant with an increase in the propylene glycol mass fraction, culminating in a maximal solubility value at 313.2 K for a propylene glycol mass fraction of 0.8. The solubility data of ADB was subjected to correlation analysis using a variety of linear cosolvency models, yielding mean percentage deviations spanning from 1.0 % to 24.8 %. In the realm of thermodynamics, the apparent parameters, namely enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, pertinent to the dissolution processes of ADB were computed. The derived enthalpy-entropy relationship for ADB demonstrated a non-linear behavior. Specifically, the plot of enthalpy against Gibbs energy revealed positive slopes in the ranges of w1=0.0 to w1=0.1, w1=0.2 to w1=0.3, w1=0.4 to w1=0.5, w1=0.6 to w1=0.7, and w1=0.8 to w1=1.0 in these mixtures, but transitioning to negative slopes between w1=0.1 and w1=0.2, w1=0.3 to w1=0.4, w1=0.5 to w1=0.6, and w1=0.7 to w1=0.8.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667312625000112SolubilityAmlodipine besylate1-PropanolPropylene glycolBinary solvent mixturesCosolvency models |
| spellingShingle | Homa Rezaei Fleming Martinez William E. Acree Jr Abolghasem Jouyban Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1-propanol from 293.2 to 323.2 K Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis Solubility Amlodipine besylate 1-Propanol Propylene glycol Binary solvent mixtures Cosolvency models |
| title | Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1-propanol from 293.2 to 323.2 K |
| title_full | Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1-propanol from 293.2 to 323.2 K |
| title_fullStr | Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1-propanol from 293.2 to 323.2 K |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1-propanol from 293.2 to 323.2 K |
| title_short | Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1-propanol from 293.2 to 323.2 K |
| title_sort | solubility and thermodynamic analysis of amlodipine besylate in mixtures of propylene glycol and 1 propanol from 293 2 to 323 2 k |
| topic | Solubility Amlodipine besylate 1-Propanol Propylene glycol Binary solvent mixtures Cosolvency models |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667312625000112 |
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