Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USA

Summary: The growing interest in organic, fresh, and locally sourced poultry leads to the expansion of backyard poultry farming. However, recent backyard poultry-linked Salmonella outbreaks have raised significant public health concerns. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, serotype, and a...

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Main Authors: Janak Dhakal, Sandesh Chapagain, Richard Y. Otwey, Jennifer Timmons, Ariel Clay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Applied Poultry Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105661712500056X
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author Janak Dhakal
Sandesh Chapagain
Richard Y. Otwey
Jennifer Timmons
Ariel Clay
author_facet Janak Dhakal
Sandesh Chapagain
Richard Y. Otwey
Jennifer Timmons
Ariel Clay
author_sort Janak Dhakal
collection DOAJ
description Summary: The growing interest in organic, fresh, and locally sourced poultry leads to the expansion of backyard poultry farming. However, recent backyard poultry-linked Salmonella outbreaks have raised significant public health concerns. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, serotype, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella from backyard poultry as part of a youth development initiative by the University of Maryland Eastern Extension Department's 4-H program. We distributed day-old Ross chicks to participants across Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester counties in lower Eastern Shore, MD, for hands-on learning, management, and microbiological sampling. A total of 82 samples, including cloacal swabs, litter, environmental sponges, feed, and whole carcasses, were collected from three 4-H participant farms and the poultry processing plant during the study period. Samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques, and Salmonella isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the invA gene. A total of 13 Salmonella isolates were identified, including S. Infantis (7/13) (1). The prevalence of Salmonella in pre-harvest samples was 6.75 % (5/74), whereas post-harvest samples exhibited a 100 % prevalence (8/8). All 13 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), exhibiting resistance to several antibiotic classes, including penicillins, macrolides, and tetracyclines. This study highlights the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in backyard poultry and stresses the need for strict biosecurity measures, proper hygiene, and education to prevent zoonotic transmission, particularly among children who are the major handlers of backyard chicken thereby promoting public health and food safety.
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spelling doaj-art-5edbb30a0cfe4c0caf9f047555964bde2025-08-20T05:04:41ZengElsevierJournal of Applied Poultry Research1056-61712025-09-0134310057210.1016/j.japr.2025.100572Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USAJanak Dhakal0Sandesh Chapagain1Richard Y. Otwey2Jennifer Timmons3Ariel Clay4Corresponding author.; Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne 21853, MD, USADepartment of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne 21853, MD, USADepartment of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne 21853, MD, USADepartment of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne 21853, MD, USADepartment of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne 21853, MD, USASummary: The growing interest in organic, fresh, and locally sourced poultry leads to the expansion of backyard poultry farming. However, recent backyard poultry-linked Salmonella outbreaks have raised significant public health concerns. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, serotype, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella from backyard poultry as part of a youth development initiative by the University of Maryland Eastern Extension Department's 4-H program. We distributed day-old Ross chicks to participants across Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester counties in lower Eastern Shore, MD, for hands-on learning, management, and microbiological sampling. A total of 82 samples, including cloacal swabs, litter, environmental sponges, feed, and whole carcasses, were collected from three 4-H participant farms and the poultry processing plant during the study period. Samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques, and Salmonella isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the invA gene. A total of 13 Salmonella isolates were identified, including S. Infantis (7/13) (1). The prevalence of Salmonella in pre-harvest samples was 6.75 % (5/74), whereas post-harvest samples exhibited a 100 % prevalence (8/8). All 13 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), exhibiting resistance to several antibiotic classes, including penicillins, macrolides, and tetracyclines. This study highlights the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in backyard poultry and stresses the need for strict biosecurity measures, proper hygiene, and education to prevent zoonotic transmission, particularly among children who are the major handlers of backyard chicken thereby promoting public health and food safety.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105661712500056XBackyard chicken4-H programSalmonellaAntimicrobial resistanceEastern shore
spellingShingle Janak Dhakal
Sandesh Chapagain
Richard Y. Otwey
Jennifer Timmons
Ariel Clay
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USA
Journal of Applied Poultry Research
Backyard chicken
4-H program
Salmonella
Antimicrobial resistance
Eastern shore
title Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USA
title_full Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USA
title_fullStr Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USA
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USA
title_short Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USA
title_sort prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in maryland lower eastern shore usa
topic Backyard chicken
4-H program
Salmonella
Antimicrobial resistance
Eastern shore
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105661712500056X
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