Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery—Case Report

<b>Background/Objective:</b> <i>Actinomyces</i> is a genus of anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. It forms part of human body microbiota commonly in the oral cavity and genital tract. During pregnancy, the organism may cause the rare chorioamnionitis, where the maternal genital...

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Main Authors: Philip E. Idaewor, Peter Ozua, Rotimi A. K. Jaiyesimi, Abdalla SAAD Abdalla Al-Zawi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Reproductive Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3897/6/1/7
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author Philip E. Idaewor
Peter Ozua
Rotimi A. K. Jaiyesimi
Abdalla SAAD Abdalla Al-Zawi
author_facet Philip E. Idaewor
Peter Ozua
Rotimi A. K. Jaiyesimi
Abdalla SAAD Abdalla Al-Zawi
author_sort Philip E. Idaewor
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objective:</b> <i>Actinomyces</i> is a genus of anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. It forms part of human body microbiota commonly in the oral cavity and genital tract. During pregnancy, the organism may cause the rare chorioamnionitis, where the maternal genital tract or other sites such as the oral cavity will be the likely source of the pathogen. This condition may increase the risk of foetal morbidity and mortality, and preterm birth. <b>Methods:</b> The placenta of a 33-year-female, primigravida, who presented with preterm labour and eventual delivery of baby at 20 weeks gestation was sent for histopathological examination. Her antenatal and clinical history were reviewed, to identify possible aetiology for her preterm birth. <b>Results:</b> She is noted to have presented with sudden per-vaginal creamy coloured discharge with no associated odour and no irritation. The discharge became blood staining associated with labour pain, this followed by premature spontaneous rupture of membrane and pre-mature labour. Laboratory tests revealed leucocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, high CRP and elevated derived fibrinogen. The patient was delivered of a live male baby weighing 0.35 kg, who died shortly after birth. Placenta microscopic examination revealed patchy severe acute chorioamnionitis and prominent clusters of Gram-positive filamentous bacteria with histopathologic features of <i>Actinomyces</i> spp. The mother before discharged was treated with oral antibiotic. <b>Conclusions:</b> The intrauterine <i>Actinomyces</i> spp. infection is associated with preterm birth and neonatal mortality, early diagnosis during ante-natal could perhaps prevent preterm birth and reduce the associated neonatal mortality.
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spelling doaj-art-5ed616ec6e9d429ab18df95b63f4dec02025-08-20T02:43:06ZengMDPI AGReproductive Medicine2673-38972025-03-0161710.3390/reprodmed6010007Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery—Case ReportPhilip E. Idaewor0Peter Ozua1Rotimi A. K. Jaiyesimi2Abdalla SAAD Abdalla Al-Zawi3Department of Cellular Pathology, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon SS16 5NL, UKDepartment of Cellular Pathology, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon SS16 5NL, UKDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Basildon SS16 5NL, UKDepartment of Surgery, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Basildon SS16 5NL, UK<b>Background/Objective:</b> <i>Actinomyces</i> is a genus of anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. It forms part of human body microbiota commonly in the oral cavity and genital tract. During pregnancy, the organism may cause the rare chorioamnionitis, where the maternal genital tract or other sites such as the oral cavity will be the likely source of the pathogen. This condition may increase the risk of foetal morbidity and mortality, and preterm birth. <b>Methods:</b> The placenta of a 33-year-female, primigravida, who presented with preterm labour and eventual delivery of baby at 20 weeks gestation was sent for histopathological examination. Her antenatal and clinical history were reviewed, to identify possible aetiology for her preterm birth. <b>Results:</b> She is noted to have presented with sudden per-vaginal creamy coloured discharge with no associated odour and no irritation. The discharge became blood staining associated with labour pain, this followed by premature spontaneous rupture of membrane and pre-mature labour. Laboratory tests revealed leucocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, high CRP and elevated derived fibrinogen. The patient was delivered of a live male baby weighing 0.35 kg, who died shortly after birth. Placenta microscopic examination revealed patchy severe acute chorioamnionitis and prominent clusters of Gram-positive filamentous bacteria with histopathologic features of <i>Actinomyces</i> spp. The mother before discharged was treated with oral antibiotic. <b>Conclusions:</b> The intrauterine <i>Actinomyces</i> spp. infection is associated with preterm birth and neonatal mortality, early diagnosis during ante-natal could perhaps prevent preterm birth and reduce the associated neonatal mortality.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3897/6/1/7actinomyceschorioamnionitisfunisitispreterm labour
spellingShingle Philip E. Idaewor
Peter Ozua
Rotimi A. K. Jaiyesimi
Abdalla SAAD Abdalla Al-Zawi
Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery—Case Report
Reproductive Medicine
actinomyces
chorioamnionitis
funisitis
preterm labour
title Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery—Case Report
title_full Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery—Case Report
title_fullStr Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery—Case Report
title_full_unstemmed Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery—Case Report
title_short Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery—Case Report
title_sort actinomyces in pregnancy a rare and silent cause of preterm delivery case report
topic actinomyces
chorioamnionitis
funisitis
preterm labour
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3897/6/1/7
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AT peterozua actinomycesinpregnancyarareandsilentcauseofpretermdeliverycasereport
AT rotimiakjaiyesimi actinomycesinpregnancyarareandsilentcauseofpretermdeliverycasereport
AT abdallasaadabdallaalzawi actinomycesinpregnancyarareandsilentcauseofpretermdeliverycasereport