Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement Strategies
As an integral part of the urban public health infrastructure, public toilets play a significant role in shaping a city’s image. With the advancement of the economy, people have increasingly higher expectations for public toilets. While existing standards primarily focus on physical indicators, ther...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/11/3424 |
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| author | Linqing Mao Miao Peng Zixuan Tian Bin Liu Yan Zhang |
| author_facet | Linqing Mao Miao Peng Zixuan Tian Bin Liu Yan Zhang |
| author_sort | Linqing Mao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As an integral part of the urban public health infrastructure, public toilets play a significant role in shaping a city’s image. With the advancement of the economy, people have increasingly higher expectations for public toilets. While existing standards primarily focus on physical indicators, there is still room to incorporate measures that prioritize humanistic care. Therefore, based on the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation in Public Spaces (HRWS-PS) standards, this study develops a comprehensive index system for public toilets with a specific emphasis on humanistic care, utilizing expert questionnaires and employing methods such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight, and highlights safety and quality as paramount concerns for users, followed by usability and accessibility as secondary needs. Acceptability, which encompasses additional amenities, depends on meeting these secondary needs through solid basic design and construction practices. Affordability, related to consumer costs, is comparatively less demanding. By applying this framework, an analysis of the current state of upgrading urban public toilets in Shijiazhuang was conducted, leading to recommendations for improvements across four key areas: environmental sanitation, architectural design, infrastructure development, and urban planning. The final results provide practical insights for evaluating and suggesting enhancements to ongoing toilet revolution initiatives and urban basic service facilities while also informing urban renewal efforts and designs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5ec8731b60364b219638aea0025cf0f9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ec8731b60364b219638aea0025cf0f92025-08-20T02:28:08ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092024-10-011411342410.3390/buildings14113424Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement StrategiesLinqing Mao0Miao Peng1Zixuan Tian2Bin Liu3Yan Zhang4School of Architecture and Fine Arts, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050047, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Fine Arts, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050047, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Fine Arts, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050047, ChinaChina Soil International Architectural Design Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050051, ChinaShijiazhuang City Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute, Shijiazhuang 050047, ChinaAs an integral part of the urban public health infrastructure, public toilets play a significant role in shaping a city’s image. With the advancement of the economy, people have increasingly higher expectations for public toilets. While existing standards primarily focus on physical indicators, there is still room to incorporate measures that prioritize humanistic care. Therefore, based on the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation in Public Spaces (HRWS-PS) standards, this study develops a comprehensive index system for public toilets with a specific emphasis on humanistic care, utilizing expert questionnaires and employing methods such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight, and highlights safety and quality as paramount concerns for users, followed by usability and accessibility as secondary needs. Acceptability, which encompasses additional amenities, depends on meeting these secondary needs through solid basic design and construction practices. Affordability, related to consumer costs, is comparatively less demanding. By applying this framework, an analysis of the current state of upgrading urban public toilets in Shijiazhuang was conducted, leading to recommendations for improvements across four key areas: environmental sanitation, architectural design, infrastructure development, and urban planning. The final results provide practical insights for evaluating and suggesting enhancements to ongoing toilet revolution initiatives and urban basic service facilities while also informing urban renewal efforts and designs.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/11/3424public toilethumanistic careindex systemHuman Rights to Water and Sanitation in Public Spaces (HRWS-PS) |
| spellingShingle | Linqing Mao Miao Peng Zixuan Tian Bin Liu Yan Zhang Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement Strategies Buildings public toilet humanistic care index system Human Rights to Water and Sanitation in Public Spaces (HRWS-PS) |
| title | Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement Strategies |
| title_full | Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement Strategies |
| title_short | Development of an Index System for Public Toilets Based on HRWS-PS Theory and Improvement Strategies |
| title_sort | development of an index system for public toilets based on hrws ps theory and improvement strategies |
| topic | public toilet humanistic care index system Human Rights to Water and Sanitation in Public Spaces (HRWS-PS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/11/3424 |
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