Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contracts
Abstract Existing organ transportation management systems face significant limitations as they do not allow patients to monitor the condition of the transplantable organ during its transportation from the donor’s place to the recipient’s venue. This undermines patients’ confidence that the organ all...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06471-2 |
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| author | Geet Bawa Harmeet Singh Sita Rani Aman Kataria Hong Min |
| author_facet | Geet Bawa Harmeet Singh Sita Rani Aman Kataria Hong Min |
| author_sort | Geet Bawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Existing organ transportation management systems face significant limitations as they do not allow patients to monitor the condition of the transplantable organ during its transportation from the donor’s place to the recipient’s venue. This undermines patients’ confidence that the organ allotted to them remains uncontaminated, healthy, and unaffected by fluctuations in parameters including temperature, humidity, and the container’s vibration, and orientation. Additionally, there is a lack of technology to ensure that the organ container remains securely closed throughout the shipment. Furthermore, the shipment data is often stored in centralized or with third-party systems, which are potentially vulnerable to security risks and single points of failure. These limitations highlight the need for a more secure, transparent, and reliable solution to improve organ transportation safety and data integrity. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a cost-efficient, decentralized, and transparent framework for managing organ transportation that enhances data security and traceability. The proposed framework integrates Internet of Things sensors within the organ container and connects them to smart contracts via the InterPlanetary File System. The blockchain ensures data security, immutability, and decentralization, while sensors safeguard the organ by providing real-time updates on its condition. The smart contracts generate alerts for issues and notify stakeholders for prompt action. A key contribution of this work is the novel use of IPFS for off-chain data storage, which reduces blockchain storage requirements, Ether consumption, and overall system costs. A comparative analysis with existing IoT, IPFS, and blockchain-based transportation approaches demonstrates that the proposed framework consumes a negligible amount of Ether; approximately, 0.000023004, equivalent to approximately 5.52 INR; for deployment, while ensuring safe, transparent, cost-effective, and traceable organ transportation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5ebfb8d0ebf3462895156ce13a2dd27b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ebfb8d0ebf3462895156ce13a2dd27b2025-08-20T03:03:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-06471-2Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contractsGeet Bawa0Harmeet Singh1Sita Rani2Aman Kataria3Hong Min4Department of Computer Applications, CT UniversityDepartment of Computer Applications, CT UniversityDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering CollegeUniversity Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh UniversitySchool of Computing, Gachon UniversityAbstract Existing organ transportation management systems face significant limitations as they do not allow patients to monitor the condition of the transplantable organ during its transportation from the donor’s place to the recipient’s venue. This undermines patients’ confidence that the organ allotted to them remains uncontaminated, healthy, and unaffected by fluctuations in parameters including temperature, humidity, and the container’s vibration, and orientation. Additionally, there is a lack of technology to ensure that the organ container remains securely closed throughout the shipment. Furthermore, the shipment data is often stored in centralized or with third-party systems, which are potentially vulnerable to security risks and single points of failure. These limitations highlight the need for a more secure, transparent, and reliable solution to improve organ transportation safety and data integrity. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a cost-efficient, decentralized, and transparent framework for managing organ transportation that enhances data security and traceability. The proposed framework integrates Internet of Things sensors within the organ container and connects them to smart contracts via the InterPlanetary File System. The blockchain ensures data security, immutability, and decentralization, while sensors safeguard the organ by providing real-time updates on its condition. The smart contracts generate alerts for issues and notify stakeholders for prompt action. A key contribution of this work is the novel use of IPFS for off-chain data storage, which reduces blockchain storage requirements, Ether consumption, and overall system costs. A comparative analysis with existing IoT, IPFS, and blockchain-based transportation approaches demonstrates that the proposed framework consumes a negligible amount of Ether; approximately, 0.000023004, equivalent to approximately 5.52 INR; for deployment, while ensuring safe, transparent, cost-effective, and traceable organ transportation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06471-2Organ transportationInterPlanetary file systemInternet of thingsBlockchainSmart contractsTraceability |
| spellingShingle | Geet Bawa Harmeet Singh Sita Rani Aman Kataria Hong Min Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contracts Scientific Reports Organ transportation InterPlanetary file system Internet of things Blockchain Smart contracts Traceability |
| title | Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contracts |
| title_full | Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contracts |
| title_fullStr | Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contracts |
| title_short | Smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using IPFS, iot, and smart contracts |
| title_sort | smart traceable framework for transportation of transplantable organs using ipfs iot and smart contracts |
| topic | Organ transportation InterPlanetary file system Internet of things Blockchain Smart contracts Traceability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06471-2 |
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