Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences
In the past few years, there has been a notable global surge in research on nanofluids, driven by their promising thermal applications in engineering and biological sciences. Nanofluids have demonstrated promising results in enhancing heat transfer phenomena. To further enhance the thermal performan...
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| Format: | Article |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Propulsion and Power Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212540X25000276 |
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| author | Shafiq Ahmad Farhad Ali Ilyas Khan Samira Elaissi N.F.M. Noor Mohamed Kallel |
| author_facet | Shafiq Ahmad Farhad Ali Ilyas Khan Samira Elaissi N.F.M. Noor Mohamed Kallel |
| author_sort | Shafiq Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the past few years, there has been a notable global surge in research on nanofluids, driven by their promising thermal applications in engineering and biological sciences. Nanofluids have demonstrated promising results in enhancing heat transfer phenomena. To further enhance the thermal performance of conventional base fluids, researchers have increasingly focused on investigating the use of structured nanoparticle suspensions within these fluids. With a consideration of the potential applications of nanoparticles, this paper intends to explore the utilization of three nanoparticles with distinct shapes within a single base fluid. More precisely, three different nanoparticles with different shapes, i.e., spherical-shaped gold (Au), cylindrical-shaped zinc (Zn), and platelet-shaped ferric oxide (Fe3O4) are added to the base fluid blood because of their relative advanced pharmaceutical applications. In this study, the primary focus is to thoroughly analyze the heat transfer characteristics of an unsteady flow of a couple-stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid within a channel. The flow regime under investigation is represented by classical partial differential equations, which are subsequently non-dimensionalized using appropriate non-dimensional variables. To further analyze the system, the dimensionless partial differential equations are fractionally modified using Caputo's definition of fractional derivatives, incorporating Fick's and Fourier's laws, and the exact solutions for temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles are achieved by employing the Laplace and Fourier transforms. The results clearly indicate that as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases, the fluid velocity decreases while the temperature rises. The utilization of a blood-based ternary hybrid nanofluid enhances the rate of heat transfer by up to 20%. Specifically, the inclusion of spherical-shaped gold (Au) nanoparticles rises heat transfer by up to 16%, cylindrical-shaped zinc (Zn) nanoparticles enhance it by up to 19%, and platelet-shaped ferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles enhance it by up to 23%. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5ea9030a20ca4920999f18b8da9692a9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2212-540X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Propulsion and Power Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ea9030a20ca4920999f18b8da9692a92025-08-20T03:51:08ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Propulsion and Power Research2212-540X2025-06-0114235237010.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.003Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciencesShafiq Ahmad0Farhad Ali1Ilyas Khan2Samira Elaissi3N.F.M. Noor4Mohamed Kallel5Department of Mathematics, Islamia College, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; Department of Mathematics, Government Superior Science College Peshawar, Higher Education Department, Peshawar 25000, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; Corresponding author.Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.In the past few years, there has been a notable global surge in research on nanofluids, driven by their promising thermal applications in engineering and biological sciences. Nanofluids have demonstrated promising results in enhancing heat transfer phenomena. To further enhance the thermal performance of conventional base fluids, researchers have increasingly focused on investigating the use of structured nanoparticle suspensions within these fluids. With a consideration of the potential applications of nanoparticles, this paper intends to explore the utilization of three nanoparticles with distinct shapes within a single base fluid. More precisely, three different nanoparticles with different shapes, i.e., spherical-shaped gold (Au), cylindrical-shaped zinc (Zn), and platelet-shaped ferric oxide (Fe3O4) are added to the base fluid blood because of their relative advanced pharmaceutical applications. In this study, the primary focus is to thoroughly analyze the heat transfer characteristics of an unsteady flow of a couple-stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid within a channel. The flow regime under investigation is represented by classical partial differential equations, which are subsequently non-dimensionalized using appropriate non-dimensional variables. To further analyze the system, the dimensionless partial differential equations are fractionally modified using Caputo's definition of fractional derivatives, incorporating Fick's and Fourier's laws, and the exact solutions for temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles are achieved by employing the Laplace and Fourier transforms. The results clearly indicate that as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases, the fluid velocity decreases while the temperature rises. The utilization of a blood-based ternary hybrid nanofluid enhances the rate of heat transfer by up to 20%. Specifically, the inclusion of spherical-shaped gold (Au) nanoparticles rises heat transfer by up to 16%, cylindrical-shaped zinc (Zn) nanoparticles enhance it by up to 19%, and platelet-shaped ferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles enhance it by up to 23%.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212540X25000276Ternary hybrid nanofluidLaplace and fourier transformsHeat source or sinkMittag-lefller functions |
| spellingShingle | Shafiq Ahmad Farhad Ali Ilyas Khan Samira Elaissi N.F.M. Noor Mohamed Kallel Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences Propulsion and Power Research Ternary hybrid nanofluid Laplace and fourier transforms Heat source or sink Mittag-lefller functions |
| title | Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences |
| title_full | Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences |
| title_fullStr | Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences |
| title_full_unstemmed | Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences |
| title_short | Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences |
| title_sort | couple stress casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences |
| topic | Ternary hybrid nanofluid Laplace and fourier transforms Heat source or sink Mittag-lefller functions |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212540X25000276 |
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