A Stackelberg game‐based model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors

Abstract The accelerated growth of smart cities and the intensifying impact of climate change have introduced new demands for low‐carbon commercial buildings. The majority of existing low‐carbon scheduling methods for commercial buildings focus on operational carbon emissions embedded in consumed el...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qifeng Huang, Zhong Zhuang, Meimei Duan, Shihai Yang, Ju Sheng, Yixuan Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Energy Conversion and Economics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1049/enc2.70000
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850037986169716736
author Qifeng Huang
Zhong Zhuang
Meimei Duan
Shihai Yang
Ju Sheng
Yixuan Huang
author_facet Qifeng Huang
Zhong Zhuang
Meimei Duan
Shihai Yang
Ju Sheng
Yixuan Huang
author_sort Qifeng Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The accelerated growth of smart cities and the intensifying impact of climate change have introduced new demands for low‐carbon commercial buildings. The majority of existing low‐carbon scheduling methods for commercial buildings focus on operational carbon emissions embedded in consumed electricity from the electricity network without a lifecycle perspective, resulting in the underestimation of the carbon emissions of consumed electricity. This article proposes a Stackelberg game model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads. In this model, the lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors are calculated and then transferred to commercial buildings employing the carbon‐emission flow method. Subsequently, a low‐carbon scheduling model considering the carbon transaction, demand response, and thermal comfort is established for commercial building loads. Finally, the Stackelberg game model is implemented to determine the interaction between commercial buildings and the electricity network. The case study indicates that approximately 23% of indirect carbon emissions from electricity used in commercial buildings originate from the extraction, construction, transportation, demolition, and recycling stage, while approximately 77% occur during the operation stage.
format Article
id doaj-art-5ea735a561684f8fae1b31ce5584e758
institution DOAJ
issn 2634-1581
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Energy Conversion and Economics
spelling doaj-art-5ea735a561684f8fae1b31ce5584e7582025-08-20T02:56:43ZengWileyEnergy Conversion and Economics2634-15812025-02-0161395310.1049/enc2.70000A Stackelberg game‐based model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factorsQifeng Huang0Zhong Zhuang1Meimei Duan2Shihai Yang3Ju Sheng4Yixuan Huang5Marketing Service Center State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd Nanjing ChinaMarketing Service Center State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd Nanjing ChinaMarketing Service Center State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd Nanjing ChinaMarketing Service Center State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd Nanjing ChinaMarketing Service Center State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd Nanjing ChinaMarketing Service Center State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd Nanjing ChinaAbstract The accelerated growth of smart cities and the intensifying impact of climate change have introduced new demands for low‐carbon commercial buildings. The majority of existing low‐carbon scheduling methods for commercial buildings focus on operational carbon emissions embedded in consumed electricity from the electricity network without a lifecycle perspective, resulting in the underestimation of the carbon emissions of consumed electricity. This article proposes a Stackelberg game model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads. In this model, the lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors are calculated and then transferred to commercial buildings employing the carbon‐emission flow method. Subsequently, a low‐carbon scheduling model considering the carbon transaction, demand response, and thermal comfort is established for commercial building loads. Finally, the Stackelberg game model is implemented to determine the interaction between commercial buildings and the electricity network. The case study indicates that approximately 23% of indirect carbon emissions from electricity used in commercial buildings originate from the extraction, construction, transportation, demolition, and recycling stage, while approximately 77% occur during the operation stage.https://doi.org/10.1049/enc2.70000carbon‐emission flowcommercial buildingslife cycle assessmentlow‐carbon schedulingStackelberg game
spellingShingle Qifeng Huang
Zhong Zhuang
Meimei Duan
Shihai Yang
Ju Sheng
Yixuan Huang
A Stackelberg game‐based model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors
Energy Conversion and Economics
carbon‐emission flow
commercial buildings
life cycle assessment
low‐carbon scheduling
Stackelberg game
title A Stackelberg game‐based model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors
title_full A Stackelberg game‐based model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors
title_fullStr A Stackelberg game‐based model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors
title_full_unstemmed A Stackelberg game‐based model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors
title_short A Stackelberg game‐based model for low‐carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon‐emission factors
title_sort stackelberg game based model for low carbon scheduling of commercial building loads considering lifecycle unit carbon emission factors
topic carbon‐emission flow
commercial buildings
life cycle assessment
low‐carbon scheduling
Stackelberg game
url https://doi.org/10.1049/enc2.70000
work_keys_str_mv AT qifenghuang astackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT zhongzhuang astackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT meimeiduan astackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT shihaiyang astackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT jusheng astackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT yixuanhuang astackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT qifenghuang stackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT zhongzhuang stackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT meimeiduan stackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT shihaiyang stackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT jusheng stackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors
AT yixuanhuang stackelberggamebasedmodelforlowcarbonschedulingofcommercialbuildingloadsconsideringlifecycleunitcarbonemissionfactors