A modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for PEMFC with rapid convergence and low power oscillation

Abstract Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) enable continuous energy production regardless of environmental conditions due to the storability of hydrogen. When examining the current–power (I–P) curve of a PEMFC under steady-state operating conditions, maximum power is observed at a specifi...

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Main Authors: Resat Celikel, Omur Aydogmus, Musa Yilmaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09947-3
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author Resat Celikel
Omur Aydogmus
Musa Yilmaz
author_facet Resat Celikel
Omur Aydogmus
Musa Yilmaz
author_sort Resat Celikel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) enable continuous energy production regardless of environmental conditions due to the storability of hydrogen. When examining the current–power (I–P) curve of a PEMFC under steady-state operating conditions, maximum power is observed at a specific current level. To extract this power, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed. These algorithms should feature a simple structure and rapidly track the maximum power point. However, intelligent and optimization-based methods in the literature often involve high computational complexity. In this study, a modified Perturb and Observe (P&O)-based MPPT algorithm is developed to achieve a fast steady-state response under varying PEMFC operating conditions. The proposed algorithm also minimizes power oscillations in the steady state. Its performance is evaluated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment under five different scenarios. A comparative analysis is conducted against the conventional P&O and optimization-based MPPT algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The results, presented graphically, demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach.
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spelling doaj-art-5ea52ae571c74930943b5edfc4bc9d462025-08-20T03:42:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-09947-3A modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for PEMFC with rapid convergence and low power oscillationResat Celikel0Omur Aydogmus1Musa Yilmaz2Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Firat UniversityDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering, Firat UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Batman UniversityAbstract Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) enable continuous energy production regardless of environmental conditions due to the storability of hydrogen. When examining the current–power (I–P) curve of a PEMFC under steady-state operating conditions, maximum power is observed at a specific current level. To extract this power, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed. These algorithms should feature a simple structure and rapidly track the maximum power point. However, intelligent and optimization-based methods in the literature often involve high computational complexity. In this study, a modified Perturb and Observe (P&O)-based MPPT algorithm is developed to achieve a fast steady-state response under varying PEMFC operating conditions. The proposed algorithm also minimizes power oscillations in the steady state. Its performance is evaluated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment under five different scenarios. A comparative analysis is conducted against the conventional P&O and optimization-based MPPT algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The results, presented graphically, demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09947-3Fuell cellPEMFCMPPTPerturb &observeOptimization algorithm
spellingShingle Resat Celikel
Omur Aydogmus
Musa Yilmaz
A modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for PEMFC with rapid convergence and low power oscillation
Scientific Reports
Fuell cell
PEMFC
MPPT
Perturb &observe
Optimization algorithm
title A modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for PEMFC with rapid convergence and low power oscillation
title_full A modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for PEMFC with rapid convergence and low power oscillation
title_fullStr A modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for PEMFC with rapid convergence and low power oscillation
title_full_unstemmed A modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for PEMFC with rapid convergence and low power oscillation
title_short A modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for PEMFC with rapid convergence and low power oscillation
title_sort modified perturb and observe mppt algorithm for pemfc with rapid convergence and low power oscillation
topic Fuell cell
PEMFC
MPPT
Perturb &observe
Optimization algorithm
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09947-3
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