Suitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City, North East Algeria
Abstract Due to water shortages in semi-arid regions of Algeria, reusing treated waste water for irrigation is necessary. This study aims to demonstrate how the biological treatment methods used in Algerian plants can be applied to the domestic sewage of Oum El-Bouaghi City, located in northeastern...
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SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Water Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02497-z |
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| author | Dounia Dib Miyada Ouanes Mamoun Fellah Bachir Khezzani Dalila Addad Kenza Kadi Mounia Ouldjaoui Abdelkader Khiari Alejandro Perez-Larios Benjamin Castañeda-Pimienta Mariano Aceves-Aldrete Souren Gregorian Gamal A. El-Hiti |
| author_facet | Dounia Dib Miyada Ouanes Mamoun Fellah Bachir Khezzani Dalila Addad Kenza Kadi Mounia Ouldjaoui Abdelkader Khiari Alejandro Perez-Larios Benjamin Castañeda-Pimienta Mariano Aceves-Aldrete Souren Gregorian Gamal A. El-Hiti |
| author_sort | Dounia Dib |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Due to water shortages in semi-arid regions of Algeria, reusing treated waste water for irrigation is necessary. This study aims to demonstrate how the biological treatment methods used in Algerian plants can be applied to the domestic sewage of Oum El-Bouaghi City, located in northeastern Algeria. Twenty-one parameters were monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment techniques. Over 2 weeks, the samples were continuously collected via an automated sampler (Hach Lange type). We have determined the most critical parameters in wastewater: pH, EC, T, O2, ORP, BOD5, COD, MES, MVS, N–NTK, NO3 −, NO2 −, NH4 +, P.T., oils and fats, and metallic elements: Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni. The findings indicate that biological treatment methods effectively purify the effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City. The BOD5/COD ranges between 0.47 and 0.55, demonstrating that biological processes can efficiently break down the pollutant load. The inverse ratio (COD/BOD5) inferior to 3 (1.77 to 2.25) indicates their domestic origin. The results of the PCA projection on the F1*F2 plan show a robust positive correlation between BOD5 and several organic pollution indicators, as follows: r = 0.94 with COD, MES, and NH4 +, r = 0.96 for both NO3 − and NO2 −. r = 0.89 for total phosphorus. Similar strong correlations were observed with COD, reflecting the ease of organic compound oxidation via chemical processes. Over-studied heavy metals, chromium stands out as the sole element demonstrating substantial connections with other elements with correlation coefficients of 0.63 to 0.82, showing its reactivity and unstable behavior. These findings emphasize the efficiency of the biological treatment procedures in purifying the effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi city regarding their domestic character. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5e9fac200b7141eb8df19d14be9ec9d8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2190-5487 2190-5495 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Water Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-5e9fac200b7141eb8df19d14be9ec9d82025-08-20T03:43:20ZengSpringerOpenApplied Water Science2190-54872190-54952025-07-0115811610.1007/s13201-025-02497-zSuitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City, North East AlgeriaDounia Dib0Miyada Ouanes1Mamoun Fellah2Bachir Khezzani3Dalila Addad4Kenza Kadi5Mounia Ouldjaoui6Abdelkader Khiari7Alejandro Perez-Larios8Benjamin Castañeda-Pimienta9Mariano Aceves-Aldrete10Souren Gregorian11Gamal A. El-Hiti12Department of Ecology and Environment, Abbes Laghrour-UniversityDepartment of Ecology and Environment, Abbes Laghrour-UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Abbes Laghrour-UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of El OuedDepartment of Ecology and Environment, Abbes Laghrour-UniversityDepartment of Ecology and Environment, Abbes Laghrour-UniversityDepartment of Ecology and Environment, Abbes Laghrour-UniversityNatural Resources and Sensitive Areas Management Laboratory, University of Oum El-BouaghiNanocatalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Centro Universitario de los Altos, University of GuadalajaraNanocatalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Centro Universitario de los Altos, University of GuadalajaraNanocatalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Centro Universitario de los Altos, University of GuadalajaraDepartment of Physics, University of SiegenDepartment of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityAbstract Due to water shortages in semi-arid regions of Algeria, reusing treated waste water for irrigation is necessary. This study aims to demonstrate how the biological treatment methods used in Algerian plants can be applied to the domestic sewage of Oum El-Bouaghi City, located in northeastern Algeria. Twenty-one parameters were monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment techniques. Over 2 weeks, the samples were continuously collected via an automated sampler (Hach Lange type). We have determined the most critical parameters in wastewater: pH, EC, T, O2, ORP, BOD5, COD, MES, MVS, N–NTK, NO3 −, NO2 −, NH4 +, P.T., oils and fats, and metallic elements: Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni. The findings indicate that biological treatment methods effectively purify the effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City. The BOD5/COD ranges between 0.47 and 0.55, demonstrating that biological processes can efficiently break down the pollutant load. The inverse ratio (COD/BOD5) inferior to 3 (1.77 to 2.25) indicates their domestic origin. The results of the PCA projection on the F1*F2 plan show a robust positive correlation between BOD5 and several organic pollution indicators, as follows: r = 0.94 with COD, MES, and NH4 +, r = 0.96 for both NO3 − and NO2 −. r = 0.89 for total phosphorus. Similar strong correlations were observed with COD, reflecting the ease of organic compound oxidation via chemical processes. Over-studied heavy metals, chromium stands out as the sole element demonstrating substantial connections with other elements with correlation coefficients of 0.63 to 0.82, showing its reactivity and unstable behavior. These findings emphasize the efficiency of the biological treatment procedures in purifying the effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi city regarding their domestic character.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02497-zWastewaterOum El-BouaghiBiological treatment, plantBOD5CODDomestic |
| spellingShingle | Dounia Dib Miyada Ouanes Mamoun Fellah Bachir Khezzani Dalila Addad Kenza Kadi Mounia Ouldjaoui Abdelkader Khiari Alejandro Perez-Larios Benjamin Castañeda-Pimienta Mariano Aceves-Aldrete Souren Gregorian Gamal A. El-Hiti Suitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City, North East Algeria Applied Water Science Wastewater Oum El-Bouaghi Biological treatment, plant BOD5 COD Domestic |
| title | Suitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City, North East Algeria |
| title_full | Suitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City, North East Algeria |
| title_fullStr | Suitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City, North East Algeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Suitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City, North East Algeria |
| title_short | Suitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of Oum El-Bouaghi City, North East Algeria |
| title_sort | suitability of a classic wastewater treatment plant to purify the collective effluent of oum el bouaghi city north east algeria |
| topic | Wastewater Oum El-Bouaghi Biological treatment, plant BOD5 COD Domestic |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02497-z |
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