A Pediatric Case of <italic>Chandipura Virus</italic> Encephalitis: Clinical Presentation and Management during an Outbreak

Introduction: <italic>Chandipura virus</italic> (CHPV) is an emerging but underrecognized cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), primarily affecting children in the Indian subcontinent. Typically, CHPV presents as a severe disease with high mortality, with nearly two-thirds of cases...

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Main Authors: Devesh N Joshi, Urvi Dantaliya, Shrushti Gandhi, Vishalkumar Patel, Nitiben S Gor, Geet Gunjana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher 2025-03-01
Series:Pediatric Infectious Disease
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Online Access:https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1466
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author Devesh N Joshi
Urvi Dantaliya
Shrushti Gandhi
Vishalkumar Patel
Nitiben S Gor
Geet Gunjana
author_facet Devesh N Joshi
Urvi Dantaliya
Shrushti Gandhi
Vishalkumar Patel
Nitiben S Gor
Geet Gunjana
author_sort Devesh N Joshi
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: <italic>Chandipura virus</italic> (CHPV) is an emerging but underrecognized cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), primarily affecting children in the Indian subcontinent. Typically, CHPV presents as a severe disease with high mortality, with nearly two-thirds of cases resulting in death. Case description: This report highlights an atypical presentation of CHPV encephalitis in an 18-month-old male during a recent outbreak. The child presented with symptoms including high-grade fever, generalized pustular rash, abnormal behavior, and a single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). This case is particularly significant due to its mild course and the involvement of skin manifestations, which are uncommon in CHPV infections. Initial investigations revealed normal organ function and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive CHPV serology in serum samples. The patient responded well to supportive care and was discharged after 12 days without further complications. Discussion and conclusion: During the outbreak, six additional cases of suspected CHPV encephalitis were managed, with outcomes ranging from full recovery to fatal multiorgan failure, underscoring the virus’s typical severity. The unique presentation of this case contrasts with the usually fatal course of CHPV, emphasizing the variability in clinical manifestations and the importance of early diagnosis and management. This case highlights the need for awareness of CHPV, especially in regions where it is endemic, and calls for further research into the virus’s pathogenesis and clinical spectrum.
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spelling doaj-art-5e973eaa0a364bfe9aca5bdcce3b19bc2025-08-20T02:16:45ZengJaypee Brothers Medical PublisherPediatric Infectious Disease2582-49882025-03-0172656710.5005/jp-journals-10081-14667A Pediatric Case of <italic>Chandipura Virus</italic> Encephalitis: Clinical Presentation and Management during an OutbreakDevesh N Joshi0Urvi Dantaliya1Shrushti Gandhi2Vishalkumar Patel3Nitiben S Gor4Geet Gunjana5Devesh N Joshi, Department of Pediatrics, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, Phone: +91 9428388867Department of Pediatrics, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, BJ Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IndiaIntroduction: <italic>Chandipura virus</italic> (CHPV) is an emerging but underrecognized cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), primarily affecting children in the Indian subcontinent. Typically, CHPV presents as a severe disease with high mortality, with nearly two-thirds of cases resulting in death. Case description: This report highlights an atypical presentation of CHPV encephalitis in an 18-month-old male during a recent outbreak. The child presented with symptoms including high-grade fever, generalized pustular rash, abnormal behavior, and a single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). This case is particularly significant due to its mild course and the involvement of skin manifestations, which are uncommon in CHPV infections. Initial investigations revealed normal organ function and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive CHPV serology in serum samples. The patient responded well to supportive care and was discharged after 12 days without further complications. Discussion and conclusion: During the outbreak, six additional cases of suspected CHPV encephalitis were managed, with outcomes ranging from full recovery to fatal multiorgan failure, underscoring the virus’s typical severity. The unique presentation of this case contrasts with the usually fatal course of CHPV, emphasizing the variability in clinical manifestations and the importance of early diagnosis and management. This case highlights the need for awareness of CHPV, especially in regions where it is endemic, and calls for further research into the virus’s pathogenesis and clinical spectrum.https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1466case reportchandipura virusemerging infectionviral encephalitis
spellingShingle Devesh N Joshi
Urvi Dantaliya
Shrushti Gandhi
Vishalkumar Patel
Nitiben S Gor
Geet Gunjana
A Pediatric Case of <italic>Chandipura Virus</italic> Encephalitis: Clinical Presentation and Management during an Outbreak
Pediatric Infectious Disease
case report
chandipura virus
emerging infection
viral encephalitis
title A Pediatric Case of <italic>Chandipura Virus</italic> Encephalitis: Clinical Presentation and Management during an Outbreak
title_full A Pediatric Case of <italic>Chandipura Virus</italic> Encephalitis: Clinical Presentation and Management during an Outbreak
title_fullStr A Pediatric Case of <italic>Chandipura Virus</italic> Encephalitis: Clinical Presentation and Management during an Outbreak
title_full_unstemmed A Pediatric Case of <italic>Chandipura Virus</italic> Encephalitis: Clinical Presentation and Management during an Outbreak
title_short A Pediatric Case of <italic>Chandipura Virus</italic> Encephalitis: Clinical Presentation and Management during an Outbreak
title_sort pediatric case of italic chandipura virus italic encephalitis clinical presentation and management during an outbreak
topic case report
chandipura virus
emerging infection
viral encephalitis
url https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1466
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