C1–C2 Instability Associated with Periodontoid Inflammatory Tissue Leading to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract The authors present a case of atlantoaxial instability associated with C1–C2 inflammatory tissue leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage. A 65-year-old male patient arrived in June 2011 to the emergency unit for cervical pain and fever. Imaging studies documented periodontoid pseudotumor at C1–C...

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Main Authors: Riccardo Draghi, Lorenzo Giammattei, Pietro Scarone, Giordano Lanfranchi, Angelica Bava, Mauro Pluderi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2015-12-01
Series:Indian Journal of Neurosurgery
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Online Access:http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0035-1568998
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author Riccardo Draghi
Lorenzo Giammattei
Pietro Scarone
Giordano Lanfranchi
Angelica Bava
Mauro Pluderi
author_facet Riccardo Draghi
Lorenzo Giammattei
Pietro Scarone
Giordano Lanfranchi
Angelica Bava
Mauro Pluderi
author_sort Riccardo Draghi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The authors present a case of atlantoaxial instability associated with C1–C2 inflammatory tissue leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage. A 65-year-old male patient arrived in June 2011 to the emergency unit for cervical pain and fever. Imaging studies documented periodontoid pseudotumor at C1–C2 level. Infective disease was suspected; the patient was therefore hospitalized and treated with antibiotics. Subsequent computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed C1–C2 instability. In August, the patient showed acute neurological deterioration and coma. Urgent brain CT revealed a hemorrhagic lesion which caused compression on the medulla oblongata, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and ventricular dilatation. An external ventricular drainage was positioned. Angio-CT and angiography did not show any vascular abnormalities. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging documented a solid tissue lesion between the atlas arch and axis. The lesion was associated with an epidural and subdural hematoma, exerting compression on brainstem. The patient underwent posterior decompression and C1–C2 fusion according to Harms technique in October, with significant clinical improvement. The authors present a case of atlantoaxial instability associated with a periodontoid pseudotumor at C1–C2 level determining dural sac compression. The patient showed an acute neurological deterioration caused by bleeding of the solid component of the cervical lesion. Hemorrhage of the solid component of periodontoid masses linked to atlantoaxial instability has not yet been reported in literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of C1–C2 instability with periodontoid pseudotumor leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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series Indian Journal of Neurosurgery
spelling doaj-art-5e8dc05762bd4681a036ccbef37e3a132025-08-20T03:34:32ZengThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Neurosurgery2277-954X2277-91672015-12-01040318018410.1055/s-0035-1568998C1–C2 Instability Associated with Periodontoid Inflammatory Tissue Leading to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureRiccardo Draghi0Lorenzo Giammattei1Pietro Scarone2Giordano Lanfranchi3Angelica Bava4Mauro Pluderi5Department of Neurosurgery, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Lugano Regional Hospital, Lugano, SwitzerlandDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyIstituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Orthopaedic Trauma Center, Rehabilitation Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, ItalyAbstract The authors present a case of atlantoaxial instability associated with C1–C2 inflammatory tissue leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage. A 65-year-old male patient arrived in June 2011 to the emergency unit for cervical pain and fever. Imaging studies documented periodontoid pseudotumor at C1–C2 level. Infective disease was suspected; the patient was therefore hospitalized and treated with antibiotics. Subsequent computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed C1–C2 instability. In August, the patient showed acute neurological deterioration and coma. Urgent brain CT revealed a hemorrhagic lesion which caused compression on the medulla oblongata, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and ventricular dilatation. An external ventricular drainage was positioned. Angio-CT and angiography did not show any vascular abnormalities. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging documented a solid tissue lesion between the atlas arch and axis. The lesion was associated with an epidural and subdural hematoma, exerting compression on brainstem. The patient underwent posterior decompression and C1–C2 fusion according to Harms technique in October, with significant clinical improvement. The authors present a case of atlantoaxial instability associated with a periodontoid pseudotumor at C1–C2 level determining dural sac compression. The patient showed an acute neurological deterioration caused by bleeding of the solid component of the cervical lesion. Hemorrhage of the solid component of periodontoid masses linked to atlantoaxial instability has not yet been reported in literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of C1–C2 instability with periodontoid pseudotumor leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage.http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0035-1568998periodontoid pseudotumoratlantoaxial instabilitysubarachnoid hemorrhage
spellingShingle Riccardo Draghi
Lorenzo Giammattei
Pietro Scarone
Giordano Lanfranchi
Angelica Bava
Mauro Pluderi
C1–C2 Instability Associated with Periodontoid Inflammatory Tissue Leading to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Indian Journal of Neurosurgery
periodontoid pseudotumor
atlantoaxial instability
subarachnoid hemorrhage
title C1–C2 Instability Associated with Periodontoid Inflammatory Tissue Leading to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_full C1–C2 Instability Associated with Periodontoid Inflammatory Tissue Leading to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_fullStr C1–C2 Instability Associated with Periodontoid Inflammatory Tissue Leading to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed C1–C2 Instability Associated with Periodontoid Inflammatory Tissue Leading to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_short C1–C2 Instability Associated with Periodontoid Inflammatory Tissue Leading to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_sort c1 c2 instability associated with periodontoid inflammatory tissue leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage a case report and review of the literature
topic periodontoid pseudotumor
atlantoaxial instability
subarachnoid hemorrhage
url http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0035-1568998
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